Interpretable heart disease risk prediction via FCA-constrained logistic regression.

Objective: To develop an interpretable and clinically coherent heart disease risk prediction model by integrating Formal Concept Analysis (FCA) with a novel closure-constrained logistic regression that enforces coefficient coherence within FCA-derived concepts. Methods: We used the Heart Disease Hea...

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Published in:Health Informatics Journal Vol. 32; no. 2; pp. 1 - 15
Main Authors: Salehi, Arman, Heydarian, Ashkan, Goudarzi, Hamid Reza, Rad, Zahra Farzin
Format: equations & formulas research tables/charts Journal Article
Published: Sage Publications Inc. Apr-Jun2026
Online Access:View this record in EBSCOhost
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      jtl: Health Informatics Journal
      issn: 14604582
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      dt: Apr-Jun2026
      vid: 32
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      pid: 344
      pub: Sage Publications Inc.
      place: Thousand Oaks, California
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        10.1177/14604582261444612
        194971581
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        atl: Interpretable heart disease risk prediction via FCA-constrained logistic regression.
      aug:
        au:
          Salehi, Arman
          Heydarian, Ashkan
          Goudarzi, Hamid Reza
          Rad, Zahra Farzin
        affil: Department of Computer Engineering, SR.C, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
      sug:
        subj:
          Heart Diseases Diagnosis
          Heart Diseases Risk Factors
          Prediction Models
          Concept Analysis
          Logistic Regression
          Risk Assessment
          Human
          Retrospective Design
          Record Review
          Cross Sectional Studies
          Classification Algorithms
          Prediction Algorithms
          Random Forest
          Artificial Intelligence
          Predictive Value of Tests
          Decision Support Systems, Clinical
          Reproducibility of Results
          Sensitivity and Specificity
          ROC Curve
          Descriptive Statistics
      ab: Objective: To develop an interpretable and clinically coherent heart disease risk prediction model by integrating Formal Concept Analysis (FCA) with a novel closure-constrained logistic regression that enforces coefficient coherence within FCA-derived concepts. Methods: We used the Heart Disease Health Indicators dataset (BRFSS 2015; N≈380,000). Predictors were discretized into binary attributes, and closed itemsets were extracted via FCA. A closure penalty, which minimizes within-concept coefficient variance, was added to the logistic regression objective. Hyperparameters (closure strength λ, FCA minimum support) were selected using five-fold cross-validation on the training set. Baselines included L2-regularized logistic regression, Random Forest, and Gradient Boosting. Performance was evaluated on a held-out test set using AUC, accuracy, precision, recall, F1, PR-AUC, and Brier Score. Results: On the held-out test set, the FCA-constrained model achieved Accuracy = 0.906, AUC = 0.810, Precision = 0.709, Recall = 0.544, F1 = 0.556, PR-AUC = 0.265, and Brier Score = 0.078. Compared to baselines, the FCA model produced well-calibrated probabilities and the highest precision and F1-score, while providing concept-level explanations grounded in clinically coherent closed itemsets. Conclusion: Embedding FCA structure directly into model training yields an interpretable linear model with competitive discrimination and improved precision at clinically relevant thresholds.
      pubtype: Academic Journal
      doctype:
        equations & formulas
        research
        tables/charts
        Journal Article
      ougenre: Article
    language: English
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