Algorithmic inequality by design: Human resistance and its limits in chatbot-based customer service.

This study focuses on the social inequalities embedded within chatbot-based customer service (CBCS) algorithms and those arising during their implementation, further examining users' resistance strategies and their effectiveness. Using a netnographic approach and framed by critical algorithm studies...

Descripción completa

Detalles Bibliográficos
Publicado en:Big Data & Society Vol. 13; no. 2; pp. 1 - 15
Autor principal: Zhao, Guoning
Formato: Artículo
Publicado: Sage Publications Inc. Apr-Jun2026
Materias:
Acceso en línea:Ver este registro en EBSCOhost
fields @attributes:
  recordID: 1
pdfLink:
plink: https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=hlh&AN=194971701&site=ehost-live
header:
  @attributes:
    shortDbName: hlh
    uiTerm: 194971701
    longDbName: Humanities International Complete
    uiTag: AN
  controlInfo:
    bkinfo:
    jinfo:
      jid:
        20539517
        KG5N
      jtl: Big Data & Society
      issn: 20539517
      maglogo: Y
    pubinfo:
      dt: Apr-Jun2026
      vid: 13
      iid: 2
      pid: 344
      pub: Sage Publications Inc.
    artinfo:
      ui:
        194971701
        10.1177/20539517261458297
      ppf: 1
      ppct: 14
      formats:
      tig:
        atl: Algorithmic inequality by design: Human resistance and its limits in chatbot-based customer service.
      aug:
        au: Zhao, Guoning
        affil: School of Information and Communication, Communication University of China, Beijing, China
      su:
        Customer services
        Algorithms
        Social network analysis
        Algorithmic bias
        Social stratification
      sug:
        subj:
          Customer services
          Algorithms
          Social network analysis
          Algorithmic bias
          Social stratification
      keyword:
        algorithmic inequality
        algorithmic resistance
        Chatbot
        chatbot-based customer service
        critical algorithm studies
        user agency
      ab: This study focuses on the social inequalities embedded within chatbot-based customer service (CBCS) algorithms and those arising during their implementation, further examining users' resistance strategies and their effectiveness. Using a netnographic approach and framed by critical algorithm studies and algorithmic resistance theory, this study analyzes discussions regarding CBCS use (N = 1081) from three major Chinese social media platforms, Weibo, Zhihu, and Xiaohongshu. The study identifies three mechanisms through which CBCS algorithms reproduce, intensify, and generate social inequality, namely barriers, stratification, and labor- and cost-shifting. These mechanisms operate across structurally distinct relationships, including among different user segments, between platforms and users, between platforms and human customer service staff, and between platforms and merchants, producing different forms of inequality in each relational context. Users' resistance, whether within or beyond algorithmic frameworks, tends to be fragmented, structurally constrained, and limited in effectiveness, rarely translating into meaningful structural change. This study contributes to critical algorithm studies and algorithmic resistance research by identifying service mediation as a distinct mode of algorithmic power, developing a relational perspective on algorithmic inequality, and shifting the focus of resistance research from forms of resistance to their effectiveness in challenging structurally embedded inequalities.
      pubtype: Academic Journal
      doctype: Article
      src: R
    language: English
    refInfo:
    copyright:
      @attributes:
        flag: Y
      dt:
        @attributes:
          year: 2026
    holdings:
      @attributes:
        islocal: N