Reliability and validity of the 15-item Action Research Arm Test with a clinically-informed decision rule.

Purpose: To address the time burden of the widely used 19-item Action Research Arm Test (ARAT), a 15-item version using a decision rule has been proposed. However, the reliability and criterion-related validity of this decision rule have not been formally evaluated. Existing frameworks also do not s...

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Publicado en:Disability & Rehabilitation Vol. 48; no. 14; pp. 4688 - 4699
Autores principales: Yoshihara, Shota, Sakamoto, Taiichi, Amano, Satoru
Formato: research tables/charts Journal Article
Publicado: Taylor & Francis Ltd Jul2026
Acceso en línea:Ver este registro en EBSCOhost
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      jtl: Disability & Rehabilitation
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      dt: Jul2026
      vid: 48
      iid: 14
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      pub: Taylor & Francis Ltd
      place: Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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        10.1080/09638288.2025.2603843
        194972742
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        atl: Reliability and validity of the 15-item Action Research Arm Test with a clinically-informed decision rule.
      aug:
        au:
          Yoshihara, Shota
          Sakamoto, Taiichi
          Amano, Satoru
        affil: Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Kitasato University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanagawa, Japan
      sug:
        subj:
          Instrument Validation
          Arm Physiology
          Exercise Test, Muscular Evaluation
          Musculoskeletal System Physiology Evaluation
          Task Performance and Analysis
          Decision Making, Clinical
          Stroke Rehabilitation
          Recovery Evaluation
          Human
          Validation Studies
          Cross Sectional Studies
          Nonexperimental Studies
          Japan
          Male
          Female
          Middle Age
          Aged
          Criterion-Related Validity
          Clinical Assessment Tools
          Intraclass Correlation Coefficient
          Item-Total Correlations
          Funding Source
          Stroke Patients
          Academic Medical Centers
          Treatment Outcomes
          One-Way Analysis of Variance
          Confidence Intervals
          Descriptive Statistics
          Spearman's Rank Correlation Coefficient
          Data Analysis Software
          Middle Aged: 45-64 years
          Aged: 65+ years
          Male
          Female
      ab: Purpose: To address the time burden of the widely used 19-item Action Research Arm Test (ARAT), a 15-item version using a decision rule has been proposed. However, the reliability and criterion-related validity of this decision rule have not been formally evaluated. Existing frameworks also do not specify the optimal direction of item administration. This study examined the reliability and validity of the 15-item ARAT using a decision rule and a task direction protocol based on Brunnstrom Recovery Stages. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 30 patients with post-stroke hemiparesis were assessed using the 19-item ARAT and the Fugl-Meyer Assessment (FMA). The 15-item ARAT dataset was derived from the 19-item version. Reliability with and without the decision rule was assessed using intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC), item-level agreement via weighted κ, and criterion-related validity via Spearman's ρ. Results: The decision rules reduced the total number of items from 450 to 226 across all participants. The ICC was 0.997 (95% CI: 0.993–0.999). Item-level agreement was high (κ = 0.88–1.00), although lower for item 6 (κ = 0.68). Correlations with the FMA (ρ = 0.72) and the 19-item ARAT (ρ = 0.96) were strong. Conclusion: This decision rule enhances efficiency without compromising reliability or validity. IMPLICATIONS FOR REHABILITATION: A 15-item version of the Action Research Arm Test (ARAT) with a decision rule has been proposed to reduce the time burden of the original 19-item version. Using the Brunnstrom Recovery Stage to decide where to start the ARAT—beginning with the hardest tasks when both upper extremity and finger stages are ≥ IV, and with the easiest tasks when either is ≤ III—allowed therapists to skip about half of the items without compromising reliability or validity. This clinically informed decision rule may enable more frequent and feasible upper limb assessments for stroke patients in time-limited clinical settings.
      pubtype: Academic Journal
      doctype:
        research
        tables/charts
        Journal Article
      ougenre: Article
    language: English
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