Psychological and Physical Readiness Profiles for Return to Sport in Patients After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction: An Analysis of 822 Patients.

Background: Psychological factors influence return to sport (RTS) and reinjury rates following anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction (ACLR). However, many RTS decisions are made without considering psychological factors, or consider psychological and physical factors in isolation, leading...

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Publicado en:Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine Vol. 14; no. 6; pp. 1 - 13
Autores principales: Marmura, Hana, Spang, Jeffrey, Baez, Shelby E., Roman, Dylan P., Ulman, Sophia, Butler, Lauren, Walker, Cody, Douthit, Taylor, Kuenze, Christopher M., Prati, Victor V., Sachleben, Brant, Phan, Lucy, LaPlante, Stephen, Pace, Lee, Cage, Dhalston, Roaten, John, Abt, John, Loveland, Dustin, Greenberg, Elliot, Link, Meredith
Formato: research tables/charts Journal Article
Publicado: Sage Publications Inc. Jun2026
Acceso en línea:Ver este registro en EBSCOhost
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      dt: Jun2026
      vid: 14
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      pub: Sage Publications Inc.
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        atl: Psychological and Physical Readiness Profiles for Return to Sport in Patients After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction: An Analysis of 822 Patients.
      aug:
        au:
          Marmura, Hana
          Spang, Jeffrey
          Baez, Shelby E.
          Roman, Dylan P.
          Ulman, Sophia
          Butler, Lauren
          Walker, Cody
          Douthit, Taylor
          Kuenze, Christopher M.
          Prati, Victor V.
          Sachleben, Brant
          Phan, Lucy
          LaPlante, Stephen
          Pace, Lee
          Cage, Dhalston
          Roaten, John
          Abt, John
          Loveland, Dustin
          Greenberg, Elliot
          Link, Meredith
        affil: Department of Exercise and Sport Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
      sug:
        subj:
          Psychology, Sports
          Sports Re-Entry Psychosocial Factors
          Patient Attitudes Evaluation
          Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction
          Muscle Strength Evaluation
          Task Performance and Analysis Evaluation
          Human
          Cross Sectional Studies
          Multicenter Studies
          Hopping Evaluation
          Quadriceps Muscles Physiology
          Adolescence
          Adult
          Descriptive Statistics
          Pearson's Correlation Coefficient
          One-Way Analysis of Variance
          Post Hoc Analysis
          Chi Square Test
          Questionnaires
          Age Factors
          Sex Factors
          Male
          Female
          Adolescent: 13-18 years
          Adult: 19-44 years
          Male
          Female
      ab: Background: Psychological factors influence return to sport (RTS) and reinjury rates following anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction (ACLR). However, many RTS decisions are made without considering psychological factors, or consider psychological and physical factors in isolation, leading to suboptimal RTS and reinjury rates. Purpose: To identify distinct profiles of psychological and physical readiness to RTS following ACLR using strength- and performance-based measures of physical readiness and to examine the extent to which these readiness domains align. Study Design: Cross-sectional study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: Data from the ACL Reconstruction Rehabilitation Outcomes Workgroup (ARROW) registry were used to construct patient profiles of psychological and physical readiness to RTS based on established criteria. Psychological readiness was defined by an ACL Return to Sport after Injury Scale (ACL-RSI) score ≥65 points out of 100. Strength-based and performance-based physical readiness was defined by a limb symmetry index ≥90% in isokinetic quadriceps strength and single-limb hop testing, respectively. Frequencies of all profiles were reported, alignment between psychological and physical domains was assessed, and sensitivity analyses were conducted to investigate differences in age, sex, and time since surgery. Results: A total of 822 patients were included in the analysis (age: mean ± SD, 18.8 ± 6.2 years; 51% female). The most common profile represented patients who met psychological (ACL-RSI) and performance-based physical readiness criteria (single-leg hop) but not strength-based physical readiness criteria (quadriceps strength) (32%; 261/822). When considering ACL-RSI, single-leg hop, and quadriceps criteria together, psychological and physical readiness did not align for 69% (571/822) of patients. Patients in the "neither psychologically nor physically ready" profile were older than patients in any other profiles. Male patients obtained psychological and physical readiness scores that aligned more often than female patients. Conclusion: There were a variety of distinct profiles of psychological and physical readiness in patients post-ACLR. Psychological, strength-based, and performance-based physical readiness to RTS criteria aligned for less than one-third of participants. Patients who did not meet psychological or physical readiness criteria tended to be older in age, and male patients were more likely to have alignment between their psychological and physical readiness domains.
      pubtype: Academic Journal
      doctype:
        research
        tables/charts
        Journal Article
      ougenre: Article
    language: English
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