| Sumario: | Aim Hypertrophic scars occur due to overactivity of fibroblasts, leading to increased collagen deposition and the formation of new blood vessels. Existing therapies have limitations, underscoring the need for alternative options. Pimecrolimus, a calcineurin inhibitor, exhibits immunomodulatory effects; however, its influence on hypertrophic scars remains unclear. Methods This study explored the impact of pimecrolimus on scar development in vivo. We used 10 female New Zealand rabbits. Round full-thickness dermal wounds were created on each ear. Pimecrolimus 1% cream was applied to the wounds on the left ear, while the right ear received a placebo (Vaseline), applied daily for six weeks. Scar diameter (mm) was measured weekly using calipers. At the conclusion of the study, histopathological assessment was conducted to evaluate fibroblast density, vascularisation and collagen deposition. Results Scar diameter decreased progressively in both groups, with a significantly greater reduction observed in the Pimecrolimus-treated group by week 6 (p<0.05). Histological analysis also indicated significant reductions in fibroblast density (p<0.01), vascularisation (p<0.001), and collagen deposition (p<0.05) in the pimecrolimus group relative to controls. Conclusion Pimecrolimus reduced hypertrophic scar formation, presumably by influencing fibroblast proliferation, angiogenesis and collagen remodeling. Further trials are necessary to validate its therapeutic potential as a non-invasive treatment for hypertrophic scars.
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