Visual-spatial working memory in ADHD: new evidence for a storage rather than a processing deficit.

The ability to voluntarily control eye movements is part of the "executive function" domain, which includes working memory and is impaired in neuro-developmental disorders such as ADHD. The present study aimed to investigate two types of "executive" saccades – anti-saccades (AS) and memory-guided sa...

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Published in:European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry Vol. 35; no. 6; pp. 1819 - 1827
Main Authors: Coclici, A., Canu, D., Bretthauer, J., Biscaldi, M., Smyrnis, N., Klein, Christoph
Format: research tables/charts Journal Article
Published: Springer Nature Jun2026
Online Access:View this record in EBSCOhost
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      dt: Jun2026
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      pub: Springer Nature
      place: New York, New York
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        10.1007/s00787-026-02987-8
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        atl: Visual-spatial working memory in ADHD: new evidence for a storage rather than a processing deficit.
      aug:
        au:
          Coclici, A.
          Canu, D.
          Bretthauer, J.
          Biscaldi, M.
          Smyrnis, N.
          Klein, Christoph
        affil: https://ror.org/0245cg223 Clinic for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Medical Centre, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
      sug:
        subj:
          Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Physiopathology
          Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Physiopathology
          Memory, Short Term Evaluation
          Saccades Evaluation
          Spatial Perception Evaluation
          Age Factors Evaluation
          Task Performance and Analysis
          Construct Validity
          Human
          Female
          Male
          Child
          Adolescence
          Case Control Studies
          Comparative Studies
          Descriptive Statistics
          Correlational Studies
          Analysis of Covariance
          Reaction Time
          Data Analysis Software
          Two-Tailed Test
          Validation Studies
          Executive Function
          Visual Perception
          Child: 6-12 years
          Adolescent: 13-18 years
          Female
          Male
      ab: The ability to voluntarily control eye movements is part of the "executive function" domain, which includes working memory and is impaired in neuro-developmental disorders such as ADHD. The present study aimed to investigate two types of "executive" saccades – anti-saccades (AS) and memory-guided saccades (MGS) – as well as their relationships in samples of children and adolescents with ADHD and neurotypical controls. To that end, anti-saccades and memory-guided saccades were recorded in n = 65 participants with ADHD (age 9.2–17.1 years) and n = 74 neurotypical controls (aged 9.1–17.3 years) as part of a larger ocular-motor test battery, using the EyeLink 1000 + eye tracker (SR-Research). Results reveal less correct MGS with lower spatial accuracy as well as a trend for less correct AS with normal spatial accuracy in participants with ADHD, compared to neurotypical controls. Furthermore, the spatial accuracies of AS and MGS were significantly correlated in the control (r=.35) and ADHD (r=.26) groups, corresponding to medium effect sizes (eta2: control: 0.12, ADHD: 0.07). These findings suggest that the storage of spatial information in working memory, as required in the MGS task, is impaired in ADHD, while the processing of this information, as required in the AS task, remains largely intact. The correlations between the two task parameters in both groups confirm that storage and processing are related abilities in working memory and that this relationship is basically intact in ADHD.
      pubtype: Academic Journal
      doctype:
        research
        tables/charts
        Journal Article
      ougenre: Article
    language: English
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