Impact of the Child Anxiety Learning Modules (CALM), a School Nurse-Delivered Intervention for Anxiety, on Elementary Students' School Outcomes.

School-based anxiety interventions reduce anxiety and related impairment, but little is known about whether they improve academic outcomes, especially when delivered by non-mental health specialists. This study examined the impact of two brief, school nurse-delivered anxiety interventions on working...

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Published in:Journal of School Nursing Vol. 42; no. 4; pp. 367 - 376
Main Authors: Imondi, Grace, Caron, EB, Blanchard, Lillian, Butler, Emilie, Ginsburg, Golda S.
Format: research tables/charts Journal Article
Published: Sage Publications Inc. Aug2026
Online Access:View this record in EBSCOhost
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      dt: Aug2026
      vid: 42
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      pub: Sage Publications Inc.
      place: Thousand Oaks, California
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        atl: Impact of the Child Anxiety Learning Modules (CALM), a School Nurse-Delivered Intervention for Anxiety, on Elementary Students' School Outcomes.
      aug:
        au:
          Imondi, Grace
          Caron, EB
          Blanchard, Lillian
          Butler, Emilie
          Ginsburg, Golda S.
        affil: Department of Psychiatry, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, West Hartford, Connecticut, USA
      sug:
        subj:
          Students, Elementary Psychosocial Factors
          Anxiety Prevention and Control
          Anxiety Nursing
          School Nurses Psychosocial Factors
          School Nursing
          Nursing Interventions
          Academic Performance Evaluation
          Human
          Male
          Female
          Child, Preschool
          Child
          Connecticut
          Maryland
          Middle Age
          Random Assignment
          Clinical Assessment Tools
          Scales
          Questionnaires
          Repeated Measures
          Analysis of Variance
          Funding Source
          Child, Preschool: 2-5 years
          Child: 6-12 years
          Middle Aged: 45-64 years
          Male
          Female
      ab: School-based anxiety interventions reduce anxiety and related impairment, but little is known about whether they improve academic outcomes, especially when delivered by non-mental health specialists. This study examined the impact of two brief, school nurse-delivered anxiety interventions on working memory, school functioning, and school avoidance. Participants were 54 students aged five to 12 with elevated anxiety and their school nurses (N = 30), who were randomly assigned to deliver the Child Anxiety Learning Modules (CALM, n = 14) or CALM- Relaxation only (CALM-R, n = 16). Student outcomes were assessed by parent-, teacher-, and student self-reports at baseline, post-intervention, and follow-up. Both interventions significantly improved school outcomes, including decreasing school anxiety, the impact of anxiety on performing school tasks, and negative classroom behavior while improving working memory, suggesting that school nurse-delivered anxiety interventions can improve school outcomes. Limitations and implications for future school nurse-delivered and school-based interventions are discussed.
      pubtype: Academic Journal
      doctype:
        research
        tables/charts
        Journal Article
      ougenre: Article
    language: English
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