The Origins and Control of Forest Fires in the Tropics.

Environmental externalities—uncompensated damages imposed on others—lie at the root of climate change, pollution, deforestation and biodiversity loss. Empirical evidence is limited, however, as to how externalities drive private decision making. We study one such behaviour, illegal tropical forest f...

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Published in:Review of Economic Studies Vol. 93; no. 4; pp. 2348 - 2390
Main Authors: Balboni, Clare, Burgess, Robin, Olken, Benjamin A
Format: Article
Published: Oxford University Press / USA Jul2026
Subjects:
Online Access:View this record in EBSCOhost
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        10.1093/restud/rdaf088
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        atl: The Origins and Control of Forest Fires in the Tropics.
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        au:
          Balboni, Clare
          Burgess, Robin
          Olken, Benjamin A
        affil:
          Department of Economics, LSE, London, UK
          Department of Economics, MIT, Cambridge, USA
      su:
        Indonesia
        Tropics
        Property rights
        Environmental economics
        Deforestation
        Legal sanctions
        Climate change
        Forest fires
        Remote-sensing images
        Tropical climate
      sug:
        subj:
          Property rights
          Environmental economics
          Deforestation
          Legal sanctions
          Climate change
          Indonesia
          Tropics
          Forest fires
          Remote-sensing images
          Tropical climate
      keyword:
        Conservation
        copyrightHolder:Review of Economic Studies Ltd
        copyrightYear:2026
        Environment
        Externalities
        inLanguage:en
        publisher:Oxford University Press
        Remote sensing
        sameAs:https://dx.doi.org/10.1093/restud/rdaf088
        Wildfires
        Conservation
        copyrightHolder:Review of Economic Studies Ltd
        copyrightYear:2026
        Environment
        Externalities
        inLanguage:en
        publisher:Oxford University Press
        Remote sensing
        sameAs:https://dx.doi.org/10.1093/restud/rdaf088
        Wildfires
      ab: Environmental externalities—uncompensated damages imposed on others—lie at the root of climate change, pollution, deforestation and biodiversity loss. Empirical evidence is limited, however, as to how externalities drive private decision making. We study one such behaviour, illegal tropical forest fires, using 15 years of daily satellite data covering over 107,000 fires across Indonesia. Weather-induced variation in fire spread risk and variation in who owns surrounding land allow us to identify how far externalities influence the decision to use fire. Relative to when all spread risks are internalized, we find that firms overuse fire when surrounded by unleased government lands where property rights are weak. In contrast, and consistent with the Coase Theorem, firms treat risks to nearby private concessions similarly to risks to their own land. Government sanctions, concentrated on fires spreading to populated areas, also deter fires, consistent with Pigouvian deterrence.
      pubtype: Academic Journal
      doctype: Article
      src: R
    language: English
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