Using Artificial Intelligence to Improve Empathetic Statements in Autistic Adolescents and Adults: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Challenges with social communication and social interaction are a defining characteristic of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). These challenges frequently interfere with making friendships, securing and maintaining employment, and can lead to co-occurring conditions. While face-to-face clinical interv...

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Publicado en:Journal of Autism & Developmental Disorders Vol. 56; no. 7; pp. 2513 - 2530
Autores principales: Koegel, Lynn Kern, Ponder, Elizabeth, Bruzzese, Tommy, Wang, Mason, Semnani, Sina J., Chi, Nathan, Koegel, Brittany L., Lin, Tzu Yuan, Swarnakar, Ankush, Lam, Monica S.
Formato: pictorial research tables/charts randomized controlled trial Journal Article
Publicado: Springer Nature Jul2026
Acceso en línea:Ver este registro en EBSCOhost
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        atl: Using Artificial Intelligence to Improve Empathetic Statements in Autistic Adolescents and Adults: A Randomized Clinical Trial.
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          Koegel, Lynn Kern
          Ponder, Elizabeth
          Bruzzese, Tommy
          Wang, Mason
          Semnani, Sina J.
          Chi, Nathan
          Koegel, Brittany L.
          Lin, Tzu Yuan
          Swarnakar, Ankush
          Lam, Monica S.
        affil: https://ror.org/00f54p054 Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
      sug:
        subj:
          Artificial Intelligence Utilization
          Autism Spectrum Disorder Rehabilitation
          Autism Spectrum Disorder Rehabilitation
          Natural Language Processing
          Empathy
          Communication
          Communication Skills Training
          Autism Spectrum Disorder Diagnosis
          Treatment Outcomes
          Human
          Male
          Female
          Adolescence
          Adult
          Videoconferencing
          Sex Factors
          Race Factors
          Ethnic Groups
          Social Skills
          Interpersonal Relations
          Confidence
          Patient Satisfaction
          Machine Learning
          Randomized Controlled Trials
          Random Assignment
          Interrater Reliability
          United States
          Summated Rating Scaling
          Descriptive Statistics
          Mann-Whitney U Test
          Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
          Anxiety
          Depression
          Funding Source
          Adolescent: 13-18 years
          Adult: 19-44 years
          Male
          Female
      ab: Challenges with social communication and social interaction are a defining characteristic of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). These challenges frequently interfere with making friendships, securing and maintaining employment, and can lead to co-occurring conditions. While face-to-face clinical interventions with trained professionals can be helpful in improving social conversation, they can be costly and are unavailable to many, particularly given the high prevalence of ASD and lack of professional training. The purpose of this study was to assess whether an AI program using a Large Language Model (LLM) would improve verbal empathetic responses during social conversation. Autistic adolescents and adults, 11–35 years of age, who were able to engage in conversation but demonstrated challenges with empathetic responses participated in this study. A randomized clinical trial design was used to assess the effects of the AI program (Noora) compared to a waitlist control group. Noora asks participants to respond to leading statements and provides feedback on their answers. In this study, participants were asked to respond to 10 statements per day 5 days per week for 4 weeks for an expected total of 200 trials. Pre- and post-intervention conversation samples were collected to assess generalization during natural conversation. Additionally pre- and post-intervention questionnaires regarding each participant's comfort during social conversation and participants' satisfaction with the AI program were collected. The results of this study demonstrated that empathetic responses could be greatly improved by using an AI program for a short period of time. Participants in the experimental group showed statistically significant improvements in empathetic responses, which generalized to social conversation, compared to the waitlist control group. Some participants in the experimental group reported improved confidence in targeted areas and most reported high levels of satisfaction with the program. These findings suggest that AI using LLMs can be used to improve empathetic responses, thereby providing a time- and cost-efficient support program for improving social conversation in autistic adolescents and adults.
      pubtype: Academic Journal
      doctype:
        pictorial
        research
        tables/charts
        randomized controlled trial
        Journal Article
      ougenre: Article
    language: English
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