Randomized Recruitment Trial: Analyzing Differences in Survey Response Rates and Email Campaigns for Recruiting Latinos.

Introduction: In the USA, the Hispanic/Latino population is the largest minority racial/ethnic group; yet, data have shown that they are underrepresented in trials. We conducted an experiment to assess the effect on response rate and cost of three email formats to engage Hispanic/Latino patients. Me...

Descripción completa

Detalles Bibliográficos
Publicado en:Journal of Racial & Ethnic Health Disparities Vol. 13; no. 4; pp. 3069 - 3077
Autores principales: Greene, Adina, Yost, Kathleen J., Daniels, Wendlyn, Butterfield, Richard, Zhang, Nan, Branch, Emily, Costello, Collin M.
Formato: research tables/charts Journal Article
Publicado: Springer Nature Aug2026
Acceso en línea:Ver este registro en EBSCOhost
fields @attributes:
  recordID: 1
pdfLink:
plink: https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=ccm&AN=195184989&site=ehost-live
header:
  @attributes:
    shortDbName: ccm
    uiTerm: 195184989
    longDbName: CINAHL Complete
    uiTag: AN
  controlInfo:
    bkinfo:
    dissinfo:
    jinfo:
      jid:
        21973792
        GQHQ
      jtl: Journal of Racial & Ethnic Health Disparities
      issn: 21973792
      maglogo: N
    pubinfo:
      dt: Aug2026
      vid: 13
      iid: 4
      pid: 237
      pub: Springer Nature
      place: New York, New York
    artinfo:
      ui:
        195184989
        185518459
        195184989
        195184989
        10.1007/s40615-025-02481-y
        195184989
      ppf: 3069
      ppct: 8
      formats:
      tig:
        atl: Randomized Recruitment Trial: Analyzing Differences in Survey Response Rates and Email Campaigns for Recruiting Latinos.
      aug:
        au:
          Greene, Adina
          Yost, Kathleen J.
          Daniels, Wendlyn
          Butterfield, Richard
          Zhang, Nan
          Branch, Emily
          Costello, Collin M.
        affil: https://ror.org/03m2x1q45 University of Arizona College of Medicine, Phoenix, AZ, USA
      sug:
        subj:
          Research Subject Recruitment
          Email
          Hispanic Americans Psychosocial Factors
          Patient Participation
          Patient Selection
          Surveys
          Randomized Controlled Trials
          Human
          Male
          Female
          Adolescence
          Adult
          Middle Age
          Aged
          Aged, 80 and Over
          Funding Source
          Random Assignment
          Costs and Cost Analysis
          Chi Square Test
          Cultural Competence
          Communication
          Translations
          Guideline Adherence
          Comparative Studies
          United States
          Stratified Random Sample
          Language
          Descriptive Statistics
          Data Analysis Software
          Adolescent: 13-18 years
          Adult: 19-44 years
          Middle Aged: 45-64 years
          Aged: 65+ years
          Aged, 80 & over
          Male
          Female
      ab: Introduction: In the USA, the Hispanic/Latino population is the largest minority racial/ethnic group; yet, data have shown that they are underrepresented in trials. We conducted an experiment to assess the effect on response rate and cost of three email formats to engage Hispanic/Latino patients. Methods: Patients were randomly allocated to either Arm 1 ("Survey Research Center (SRC) Plain"), which was a plain email script with text only; Arm 2 ("SRC Formatted"), which included photos of Latino individuals; or Arm 3 ("Vendor Formatted"), which had a visual layout like Arm 2, but the email distribution was routed through a third-party's software. The overall response rate (RR1) was defined as the number of respondents who engaged with the survey (partial or complete response). The completed response rate (RR2) is the number of complete responses compared to patients invited to complete the survey. RR1 and RR2 were compared between arms using the Chi-Sq test. Analyses were performed in SAS v9.4 (SAS Institute; Cary, North Carolina). Results: In total, 89,778 participants were emailed. The mean age of respondents was 54.2 years (SD 14.5 years), and most respondents, 65.7%, were female, with no significant differences across all three arms. The overall response rate (RR1) for all 89,778 individuals was 2.3% (2004 responses). The overall completion rate was not significantly different across the three arms (69.6%, 66.9%, 68.4%, respectively, p = 0.589). Actual costs for implementing the three arms are proprietary. Using Arm 1 (Plain Text) as the reference, Arm 2 (SRC Formatted) costs were 1.5 times higher than Arm 1, and Arm 3 (Vendor formatted) costs were 30 times higher than Arm 1. Conclusions: Although the costs differed substantially between Arms 1, 2, and 3 in this study, we found no statistically significant differences in response rate between arms amongst English and Spanish speakers. These findings suggest that investigators should avoid spending additional resources on email campaigns incorporating images or outsourcing to third-party vendors when contacting Hispanics/Latinos in English or Spanish for research-related studies and focus on other ways to help foster engagement amongst this population, including incorporating community partners and incorporating Hispanic/Latino cultural values.
      pubtype: Academic Journal
      doctype:
        research
        tables/charts
        Journal Article
      ougenre: Article
    language: English
    refInfo:
    holdings:
      @attributes:
        islocal: N