The limits of language: gender apartheid and public opinion.

The prominent #EndGenderApartheid campaign was launched in 2023, calling for the global recognition of the crime of gender apartheid. A key component of the campaign's strategy is to mobilize a global mass movement akin to that against racial apartheid in South Africa. The implicit assumption is tha...

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Publicado en:International Affairs Vol. 102; no. 4; pp. 1393 - 1414
Autores principales: Schwartz, Joshua, Garrity, Meghan M
Formato: Artículo
Publicado: Oxford University Press / USA Jul2026
Materias:
Acceso en línea:Ver este registro en EBSCOhost
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        atl: The limits of language: gender apartheid and public opinion.
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          Schwartz, Joshua
          Garrity, Meghan M
        affil:
          Carnegie Mellon Institute for Strategy & Technology, Carnegie Mellon University, Posner Hall 386, 5000 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States
          Schar School of Policy & Government, George Mason University, 4400 University Drive, MS 3F4, Fairfax, VA 22030, United States
      su:
        United States
        Public opinion
        International law
        Male domination (Social structure)
        Human rights
        Social movements
        Sex discrimination against women
        Frames (Social sciences)
        Political psychology
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          Public opinion
          International law
          Male domination (Social structure)
          Human rights
          Social movements
          Sex discrimination against women
          Frames (Social sciences)
          Political psychology
          United States
      keyword:
        apartheid
        copyrightHolder:The Royal Institute of International Affairs
        copyrightYear:2026
        framing
        gender apartheid
        gender persecution
        human rights shaming
        inLanguage:en
        international law
        publisher:Oxford University Press
        sameAs:https://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ia/iiag088
        apartheid
        copyrightHolder:The Royal Institute of International Affairs
        copyrightYear:2026
        framing
        gender apartheid
        gender persecution
        human rights shaming
        inLanguage:en
        international law
        publisher:Oxford University Press
        sameAs:https://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ia/iiag088
      ab: The prominent #EndGenderApartheid campaign was launched in 2023, calling for the global recognition of the crime of gender apartheid. A key component of the campaign's strategy is to mobilize a global mass movement akin to that against racial apartheid in South Africa. The implicit assumption is that the language of gender apartheid evokes a stronger response among the public than alternatives such as the language of gender persecution. We tested the effectiveness of this rhetorical frame in a survey experiment on 1,200 members of the United States public and 100 US elites, finding null effects. However, informing respondents that the systematic oppression of women violates international law significantly increased their support for policy action. Legal codification may thus have a stronger impact on public opinion than subtle rhetorical framing related to the severity and scope of human rights abuses. We also uncovered evidence of a spillover effect between distinct human rights issues, where more pro-Israeli individuals were less responsive to the gender apartheid frame than pro-Palestinian respondents, likely because Israel has been accused of apartheid. Overall, our study contributes to broader academic debates about the impact of language, the efficacy of international law, and the possibility of backlash effects in response to human rights shaming.
      pubtype: Academic Journal
      doctype: Article
      src: R
    language: English
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