Can a Low-Budget Questionnaire Support Improved Health Service Accessibility and Sustainability: Results from an Exploratory Study.

Introduction: In sustainable development, time is a physically limited resource affecting economic and social sustainability. In healthcare systems, the time of healthcare staff is linked to economic constraints, while the time patients spend travelling and receiving treatment affects social sustain...

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Publicado en:Inquiry (00469580) Vol. 63; pp. 1 - 14
Autores principales: Hellstrand, Stefan, Sundberg, Leif, Karlsson, Jon, Tranberg, Roy, Hellstrand Tang, Ulla
Formato: pictorial research tables/charts Journal Article
Publicado: Sage Publications Inc. 7/14/2026
Acceso en línea:Ver este registro en EBSCOhost
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      dt: 7/14/2026
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        atl: Can a Low-Budget Questionnaire Support Improved Health Service Accessibility and Sustainability: Results from an Exploratory Study.
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          Hellstrand, Stefan
          Sundberg, Leif
          Karlsson, Jon
          Tranberg, Roy
          Hellstrand Tang, Ulla
        affil: Nolby Ekostrategi, Sweden
      sug:
        subj:
          Health Services Accessibility Economics
          Quality of Health Care
          Quality Improvement
          Questionnaires
          Health Care Costs
          Health Personnel
          Office Visits
          Time Factors Economics
          Diabetic Foot
          Human
          Exploratory Research
          Interrater Reliability
          Data Collection Methods
          Confidence Intervals
          Descriptive Statistics
          Diabetes Mellitus Therapy
          Noncommunicable Diseases Therapy
          Diabetic Foot Therapy
          Funding Source
      ab: Introduction: In sustainable development, time is a physically limited resource affecting economic and social sustainability. In healthcare systems, the time of healthcare staff is linked to economic constraints, while the time patients spend travelling and receiving treatment affects social sustainability, including access to healthcare services. Reducing time costs in healthcare may contribute to several of the 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) within Agenda 2030. This exploratory study aimed to: (i) probe whether a low-budget questionnaire combined with standardised data processing could estimate time costs for patients, their employers, and healthcare personnel associated with a healthcare visit; (ii) generate initial estimates of sustainability impacts of time costs, in physical and monetary terms. Methods: The study explored whether this low-budget approach could generate results of sufficient quality to inform choices aimed at improving healthcare accessibility. Patients with diabetes attending a healthcare facility for therapeutic footwear completed a questionnaire regarding time spent travelling and treatment. Healthcare staff time was recorded. Results were analysed and presented in physical and monetary terms. Results: The questionnaire generated information that was processed into estimates of parameters of strategic importance for choices supporting sustainability and access in healthcare systems in urban and rural areas. For the 101 patients included, the total time used was 360.6 hours, of which 23% represented employers' time, 49% patients' private time, and 28% healthcare staff time. The total estimated monetary value of time consumed was SEK 142,911 (USD 13,466), with 33% related to employers' time, 13% to patients' time, and 54% to healthcare staff time. The estimated mean cost per visit ranged from SEK 1,233 (USD 116.2) to SEK 1,944 (USD 183.2). Conclusions: The low-cost questionnaire and data-processing approach appears promising for estimating time costs for patients, employers, and healthcare staff, thereby supporting decisions aimed at improving healthcare accessibility and sustainability.
      pubtype: Academic Journal
      doctype:
        pictorial
        research
        tables/charts
        Journal Article
      ougenre: Article
    language: English
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