The Impact of State Certification and Medicaid Reimbursement on Community Health Worker Place of Employment and Wages: United States, 2012–2023.
Objectives. To describe trends in US community health worker (CHW) place of employment and wages and the impact of state certification programs and Medicaid reimbursement. Methods. Using 2012 to 2023 Bureau of Labor Statistics data, we performed tests of proportions to describe CHWs' changes in empl...
| Publicado en: | American Journal of Public Health Vol. 116; no. 8; pp. 1198 - 1210 |
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| Autores principales: | , , , , , , , |
| Formato: | Artículo |
| Publicado: |
American Public Health Association
Aug2026
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| Materias: | |
| Acceso en línea: | Ver este registro en EBSCOhost |
| fields | @attributes: recordID: 1 pdfLink: plink: https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=ssf&AN=195376206&site=ehost-live header: @attributes: shortDbName: ssf uiTerm: 195376206 longDbName: Social Sciences Full Text (H.W. Wilson) uiTag: AN controlInfo: bkinfo: jinfo: jid: 00900036 APH jtl: American Journal of Public Health issn: 00900036 maglogo: N pubinfo: dt: Aug2026 vid: 116 iid: 8 pid: 44 pub: American Public Health Association artinfo: ui: 195376206 10.2105/AJPH.2025.308416 ppf: 1198 ppct: 12 formats: tig: atl: The Impact of State Certification and Medicaid Reimbursement on Community Health Worker Place of Employment and Wages: United States, 2012–2023. aug: au: Mitchell, Lauren M. Tan, Marcia Shad, Nayeli S. Thomas, Nikita Wagner, Mary Kate York, Elizabeth Blair Huang, Elbert S. Cliff, Betsy Q. affil: Section of General Internal Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL. Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL. Biological Sciences Division, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL. Liaisons in Care Community Health Worker Program, Urban Health Initiative, University of Chicago Medicine, Chicago, IL. su: Washington (D.C.) United States Wages State governments Medicaid Employment COVID-19 pandemic Health insurance reimbursement Research funding Certification Descriptive statistics Data analysis software Confidence intervals Regression analysis sug: subj: Wages State governments Medicaid Employment COVID-19 pandemic Washington (D.C.) United States Administration of Human Resource Programs (except Education, Public Health, and Veterans' Affairs Programs) Health insurance reimbursement Research funding Certification Descriptive statistics Data analysis software Confidence intervals Regression analysis ab: Objectives. To describe trends in US community health worker (CHW) place of employment and wages and the impact of state certification programs and Medicaid reimbursement. Methods. Using 2012 to 2023 Bureau of Labor Statistics data, we performed tests of proportions to describe CHWs' changes in employment in different industries, linear regression to compare their wages between industries, and staggered difference-in-differences to evaluate the impact of certification and Medicaid reimbursement on the proportion of CHWs in each industry and wages. Results. CHW employment in health care and government has increased (P <.001), and CHWs are paid the least in social assistance agencies (P <.001). Certification was associated with a decreased proportion of government and public health CHWs (−9.4%; P =.003) but was not associated with wages. Medicaid reimbursement was not associated with place of employment or wages. Conclusions. Substantial wage differences exist across industries employing CHWs, and neither Medicaid reimbursement nor certification was associated with higher wages. Certification may influence workforce distribution, particularly in government settings. Public Health Implications. Improved Medicaid reimbursement rates and billing procedures and optimized payment models could grow and sustain the CHW workforce. Decreases in government employment after certification warrant further research. (Am J Public Health. 2026;116(8):1198–1209. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2025.308416) pubtype: Academic Journal doctype: Article src: R language: English refInfo: copyright: @attributes: flag: N holdings: @attributes: islocal: N |
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