The Long Arm of Incarceration: Incarceration History and Mortality Risk in a Nationally Representative Cohort of Older US Adults, 2012–2022.

Objectives. To evaluate whether incarceration history is associated with mortality risk among older adults in the United States. Methods. We used data from the 2012/2014–2022 Health and Retirement Study, a nationally representative longitudinal panel of US adults aged 51 years and older. We estimate...

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Publicado en:American Journal of Public Health Vol. 116; no. 8; pp. 1234 - 1244
Autores principales: Gutierrez, Carmen, Lisch, Max, Zhang, Yuan S., Farina, Mateo P.
Formato: Artículo
Publicado: American Public Health Association Aug2026
Materias:
Acceso en línea:Ver este registro en EBSCOhost
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      dt: Aug2026
      vid: 116
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      pub: American Public Health Association
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        10.2105/AJPH.2026.308449
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        atl: The Long Arm of Incarceration: Incarceration History and Mortality Risk in a Nationally Representative Cohort of Older US Adults, 2012–2022.
      aug:
        au:
          Gutierrez, Carmen
          Lisch, Max
          Zhang, Yuan S.
          Farina, Mateo P.
        affil:
          Department of Public Policy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC.
          Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC.,
          Department of Sociology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC.,
          Department of Sociology, University of Texas, Austin, TX.; Population Research Center, University of Texas, Austin, TX.
          Department of Sociomedical Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY.
          Robert N. Butler Columbia Aging Center, Columbia University, New York, NY.,
          Department of Human Development and Family Sciences, University of Texas, Austin, TX.
          Population Research Center, University of Texas, Austin, TX.,
      su:
        United States
        Imprisonment
        Sex distribution
        Age distribution
        Aging
        Middle age
        Old age
        Mortality risk factors
        Risk assessment
        Research funding
        Secondary analysis
        Scientific observation
        Descriptive statistics
        Longitudinal method
        Data analysis software
        Confidence intervals
      sug:
        subj:
          Imprisonment
          Sex distribution
          Age distribution
          Aging
          Middle age
          Old age
          United States
          Mortality risk factors
          Risk assessment
          Research funding
          Secondary analysis
          Scientific observation
          Descriptive statistics
          Longitudinal method
          Data analysis software
          Confidence intervals
      ab: Objectives. To evaluate whether incarceration history is associated with mortality risk among older adults in the United States. Methods. We used data from the 2012/2014–2022 Health and Retirement Study, a nationally representative longitudinal panel of US adults aged 51 years and older. We estimated mortality risk using Gompertz proportional hazards models and calculated average marginal effects to estimate predicted years of life lost. Additional models examined results for men and age groups. We used matched analyses to assess robustness. Results. Incarceration history was associated with an 88% higher hazard of death (hazard ratio = 1.88; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.51, 2.35) after adjusting for sex, race/ethnicity, and childhood health and socioeconomic factors. Marginal predictions reveal individuals with previous incarceration were estimated to die 5.8 years earlier on average (95% CI = −8.26, −2.51), with stronger associations observed for men and adults younger than 75 years. Conclusions. Incarceration history is a durable determinant of premature mortality in later life. Public Health Implications. Accounting for incarceration exposure in aging and mortality research is critical for addressing structural drivers of health inequality in the United States. (Am J Public Health. 2026;116(8):1234–1243. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2026.308449)
      pubtype: Academic Journal
      doctype: Article
      src: R
    language: English
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