Paternity Leave Status and Mental Health Symptoms Among Ohio Fathers: A Population-Representative Survey, 2022‒2023.

Objectives. To examine the associations between paternal leave status and mental health symptoms in a large population-representative study of fathers after the birth of a child. Methods. We used data from the 2022–2023 Ohio Fatherhood Survey (OFS) to model the relationship between paid work leave f...

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Published in:American Journal of Public Health Vol. 116; no. 8; pp. 1136 - 1146
Main Authors: Garfield, Craig F., Simon, Clarissa D., Luri, Moses, Menegay, Michelle
Format: Article
Published: American Public Health Association Aug2026
Subjects:
Online Access:View this record in EBSCOhost
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      dt: Aug2026
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      pub: American Public Health Association
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        10.2105/AJPH.2026.308554
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        atl: Paternity Leave Status and Mental Health Symptoms Among Ohio Fathers: A Population-Representative Survey, 2022‒2023.
      aug:
        au:
          Garfield, Craig F.
          Simon, Clarissa D.
          Luri, Moses
          Menegay, Michelle
        affil:
          Family and Child Health Innovations Program, Smith Child Health Outcomes, Research and Evaluation Center, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL.
          Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL.,
          Ohio Colleges of Medicine Government Resource Center, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH.
      su:
        Ohio
        Competency assessment (Law)
        Fatherhood & psychology
        Psychology of fathers
        Income
        Parental leave
        Anxiety
        Psychological well-being
        Dismissal of employees
        Mental depression
        Questionnaires
        Multiple regression analysis
        Multivariate analysis
        Descriptive statistics
        Odds ratio
        Financial stress
        Birth certificates
        Confidence intervals
        Data analysis software
        Time
      sug:
        subj:
          Competency assessment (Law)
          Fatherhood & psychology
          Psychology of fathers
          Income
          Parental leave
          Anxiety
          Psychological well-being
          Dismissal of employees
          Mental depression
          Ohio
          Offices of Mental Health Practitioners (except Physicians)
          Questionnaires
          Multiple regression analysis
          Multivariate analysis
          Descriptive statistics
          Odds ratio
          Financial stress
          Birth certificates
          Confidence intervals
          Data analysis software
          Time
      ab: Objectives. To examine the associations between paternal leave status and mental health symptoms in a large population-representative study of fathers after the birth of a child. Methods. We used data from the 2022–2023 Ohio Fatherhood Survey (OFS) to model the relationship between paid work leave factors and mental health (Patient Health Questionnaire-2 [PHQ-2] and Generalized Anxiety Disorder-2 [GAD-2]) by using weighted descriptive analyses and adjusted logistic regression modeling. Results. Fathers with unpaid leave were more likely to report anxiety symptoms (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 1.58; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.00, 2.48) compared with fathers with paid leave, while unmet needs were associated with increased depression (AOR = 3.21; 95% CI = 1.92, 5.37) and anxiety (AOR = 3.12; 95% CI = 2.02, 4.83) symptoms. Furthermore, barriers to work leave, including financial barriers (PHQ-2 = 74.6%; GAD-2 = 71.2%) were more prevalent among fathers who reported recent mental health symptoms. Conclusions. Paid paternal leave status and leave barriers are associated with mental health symptoms. Public Health Implications. Equitable paid paternal leave may strengthen mental health, highlighting a public health pathway toward improving father and family well-being. (Am J Public Health. 2026;116(8):1136–1145. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2026.308554)
      pubtype: Academic Journal
      doctype: Article
      src: R
    language: English
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