| Sumario: | Background: Physical inactivity remains common in Oman despite national strategies to promote physical activity and active transport. Aim: To compare perceived and objectively measured walkability features between old and new residential neighbourhoods in Nizwa and Barka, Oman. Methods: Between June and August 2023, we surveyed 374 adults from 4 neighbourhoods and assessed their perceived and objective walkability using the Physical Activity Neighborhood Environment Scale and the Microscale Audit of Pedestrian Streetscapes. Data were analysed using SPSS version 28 and walkability scores were compared between old and new neighbourhoods using multivariable analysis of covariance. Results: Residents in old neighbourhoods reported significantly higher perceived street connectivity [mean 3.7 (SD 0.6) versus 2.9 (1.0); P < 0.001], safety (P < 0.001), aesthetic appeal (P = 0.001), and access to destinations (P = 0.038) than residents in new neighbourhoods. Perceived pedestrian infrastructure and social environment did not differ by neighbourhood type. Objective assessments showed higher aesthetic scores in new neighbourhoods (P = 0.001), whereas old neighbourhoods scored higher for pedestrian infrastructure (P = 0.009) and the presence of commercial and residential destinations (P = 0.034). Conclusion: The old neighbourhoods in Oman were perceived and observed to be more walkable. Improving pedestrian connectivity, infrastructure and mixed land use in new developments may support walking and other physical activities.
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