| Sumario: | This study investigates the mediating role of physical self-esteem in the relationship between physical exercise and psychological resilience among Chinese college students, addressing a critical gap in cross-cultural resilience research dominated by Western samples. A total of 670 Chinese college students were surveyed using the Physical Activity Rating Scale-3, the Chinese Adolescent Psychological Resilience Scale, and the Physical Self-Esteem Scale. Data were analysed using correlation analysis, mediation analysis, and structural equation modelling (SEM). (1) Physical exercise, physical self-esteem, and psychological resilience were positively correlated. (2) Physical self-esteem mediated the relationship between the amount of physical exercise and psychological resilience, with a 95% confidence interval of [0.094, 0.159]. The full mediation model demonstrated good model fit: χ2/df = 4.516, CFI = 0.940, TLI = 0.924, IFI = 0.941, and RMSEA = 0.072. (3) The physical self-worth factor and the physical condition factor of physical self-esteem were significant in terms of the parallel mediation pathways involving the amount of physical exercise and psychological resilience. Rather than directly enhancing psychological resilience, physical exercise primarily exerts its influence through improvements in physical self-esteem, particularly in the domains of physical self-worth and physical condition.
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