Patterns of reasons for retirement in Olympic athletes from Switzerland: a person-oriented study.

The reasons for the end of a career in elite sport have long been a major topic in sport psychology. Although the literature repeatedly emphasises that retirement decisions are multi-causal and individual-specific, quantitative studies have hardly taken this into account methodologically. Therefore,...

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Publicado en:International Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology Vol. 24; no. 6; pp. 1121 - 1141
Autores principales: Schmid, Michael J., De Crom, Laurin, Conzelmann, Achim, Schmid, Juerg
Formato: Artículo
Publicado: Taylor & Francis Ltd Jul2026
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Acceso en línea:Ver este registro en EBSCOhost
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      dt: Jul2026
      vid: 24
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      pub: Taylor & Francis Ltd
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        10.1080/1612197X.2025.2510248
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        atl: Patterns of reasons for retirement in Olympic athletes from Switzerland: a person-oriented study.
      aug:
        au:
          Schmid, Michael J.
          De Crom, Laurin
          Conzelmann, Achim
          Schmid, Juerg
        affil: Institute of Sport Science, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
      su:
        Switzerland
        Socioeconomic status
        Career changes
        Olympic athletes
        Sports psychology
        Disease complications
        Research methodology
      sug:
        subj:
          Socioeconomic status
          Career changes
          Switzerland
          Fitness and Recreational Sports Centers
          Olympic athletes
          Sports psychology
          Disease complications
          Research methodology
      keyword:
        Career termination
        elite athletes
        Olympians
        person-oriented approach
        transition out of sport
        Career termination
        elite athletes
        Olympians
        person-oriented approach
        transition out of sport
      ab: The reasons for the end of a career in elite sport have long been a major topic in sport psychology. Although the literature repeatedly emphasises that retirement decisions are multi-causal and individual-specific, quantitative studies have hardly taken this into account methodologically. Therefore, the aim of this study was to identify and validate patterns of reasons for retirement among elite athletes, to explore associations between these patterns and the former athletes' current life situation (post-retirement). Using a quantitative approach, we surveyed 341 former athletes (M = 47.16 years, SD = 7.72; 32.9% female, 67.1% male) who represented Switzerland at the Olympic Games about their reasons for retirement, the characteristics of their retirement, and their life situation post-retirement (e.g., health, socio-economic status). A person-oriented analysis revealed six clusters of reasons for retirement: (1) family- and finance-related termination, (2) work- and goal-related termination, (3) environment-related termination, (4) family- and goal-related termination, (5) health-related termination, (6) performance-related termination. The cluster solution was validated with transition characteristics. Furthermore, clusters showed differences in various aspects of post-retirement life: Athletes with a mainly health-related termination reported significantly more sport-related health problems compared to the other clusters. In contrast, athletes with a work- and goal-related termination tended to have higher socioeconomic status, while those with a family- and finance-related termination tended to have more children. These findings highlight the need to understand reasons for retirement in order to design targeted interventions and support smoother transitions, for example, by offering long-term health support to athletes retiring for health reasons.
      pubtype: Academic Journal
      doctype: Article
      src: R
    language: English
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