Probability Proofs for Stirling (and More): The Ubiquitous Role of 2π.

The Stirling approximation formula for n! dates from 1730. Here we give new and instructive proofs of this and related approximation formulae via tools of probability and statistics. There are connections to the Central Limit Theorem and also to approximations of marginal distributions in Bayesian s...

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Publicado en:American Statistician Vol. 80; no. 3; pp. 405 - 413
Autores principales: Hjort, Nils Lid, Stoltenberg, Emil Aas
Formato: Artículo
Publicado: Taylor & Francis Ltd Aug2026
Materias:
Acceso en línea:Ver este registro en EBSCOhost
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        atl: Probability Proofs for Stirling (and More): The Ubiquitous Role of 2π.
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          Hjort, Nils Lid
          Stoltenberg, Emil Aas
        affil: Department of Mathematics, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
      su:
        Central limit theorem
        Mathematical proofs
        Bayesian analysis
        Median (Mathematics)
        Mathematical formulas
        History of mathematics
        Approximation error
        Distribution (Probability theory)
      sug:
        subj:
          Central limit theorem
          Mathematical proofs
          Bayesian analysis
          Median (Mathematics)
          Mathematical formulas
          History of mathematics
          Approximation error
          Distribution (Probability theory)
      keyword:
        Binomial
        Central Limit Theorem
        Gamma variables
        Irwin–Hall
        Laplace
        Poisson
        Wallis
        We do history
        Binomial
        Central Limit Theorem
        Gamma variables
        Irwin–Hall
        Laplace
        Poisson
        Wallis
        We do history
      ab: The Stirling approximation formula for n! dates from 1730. Here we give new and instructive proofs of this and related approximation formulae via tools of probability and statistics. There are connections to the Central Limit Theorem and also to approximations of marginal distributions in Bayesian setups, with arguments which can be worked through by Master and PhD level students (and above). Certain formulae emerge by working through particular instances, some independently verifiable but others perhaps not. A particular case yielding new formulae is that of summing independent uniforms, related to the Irwin–Hall distribution. Yet further proofs of the Stirling flow from examining aspects of limiting normality of the sample median of uniforms, and from these again we find a proof for the Wallis product formula for π . A section detailing historical aspects and development is included, from Wallis 1656 and de Moivre and Stirling 1730 to Laplace 1778, etc.
      pubtype: Academic Journal
      doctype: Article
      src: R
    language: English
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