Attention, memory and consciousness: Historical context, evolution, and impact of Jacoby's process dissociation procedure.

This article focuses on the last 25 years of the 20 century when Larry Jacoby had an extraordinary influence in the areas of attention and memory. During a short 3-year period between 1977 and 1980, four benchmark papers in cognitive psychology documented qualitative distinctions between automatic a...

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Publicado en:Memory & Cognition Vol. 54; no. 5; pp. 1716 - 1731
Autor principal: Balota, David
Formato: Artículo
Publicado: Springer Nature Jul2026
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Acceso en línea:Ver este registro en EBSCOhost
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        affil: https://ror.org/01yc7t268 Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Washington University, 63130, St. Louis, MO, USA
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        Consciousness
        Task performance
        Attention
        Psychology
        Paradigms (Social sciences)
        Memory
        Aging
        Cognition
        Cognitive processing speed
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        Amnesia
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          Cognitive processing speed
          Neurosciences
          Amnesia
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        Automatic processing
        Automaticity
        Familiarity in recognition memory
        Psychology and Cognitive Sciences Psychology Cognitive Sciences
        Automatic processing
        Automaticity
        Familiarity in recognition memory
        Psychology and Cognitive Sciences Psychology Cognitive Sciences
      ab: This article focuses on the last 25 years of the 20 century when Larry Jacoby had an extraordinary influence in the areas of attention and memory. During a short 3-year period between 1977 and 1980, four benchmark papers in cognitive psychology documented qualitative distinctions between automatic and attention demanding processes. These studies reflected the zeitgeist for Jacoby's early work extending this distinction to memory. Jacoby developed ingenious experimental paradigms to distinguish automatic and attentional processes and boldly explored unconscious influences, when most experimental psychologists were avoiding using such an introspective term. Although this work was powerful, it did not afford a way of quantifying conscious and unconscious contributions to performance, which ultimately led to Jacoby's process dissociation procedure (PDP). Strong assumptions (such as independence of the two processes) were necessary and these have generated controversy in the field. Although there are limitations, the PDP has been remarkably generative in not only understanding the relation between attention and memory but also has been widely extended to other domains within psychology. The present article attempts to capture the energy and enthusiasm in the field during this period in history, which continues to serve as foundational for work in cognitive science and neuroscience.
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