Molecular Analysis of Conditional Discriminations: The Sequential Pattern of Human Learning.

Whether the acquisition of conditional relations occurs simultaneously or sequentially is often obscured by global accuracy measures. The present study analyzed the acquisition of conditional discriminations in humans using a molecular, trial-by-trial approach. Three undergraduate students were trai...

Full description

Bibliographic Details
Published in:Psychological Record Vol. 76; no. 2; pp. 157 - 167
Main Authors: Rubio, Adriana Regina, Tomanari, Gerson Yukio
Format: Article
Published: Springer Nature Jun2026
Subjects:
Online Access:View this record in EBSCOhost
fields @attributes:
  recordID: 1
pdfLink:
plink: https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=ssf&AN=195791068&site=ehost-live
header:
  @attributes:
    shortDbName: ssf
    uiTerm: 195791068
    longDbName: Social Sciences Full Text (H.W. Wilson)
    uiTag: AN
  controlInfo:
    bkinfo:
    jinfo:
      jid:
        00332933
        PSD
      jtl: Psychological Record
      issn: 00332933
      maglogo: N
    pubinfo:
      dt: Jun2026
      vid: 76
      iid: 2
      pid: 237
      pub: Springer Nature
    artinfo:
      ui:
        195791068
        10.1007/s40732-026-00690-3
      ppf: 157
      ppct: 10
      formats:
      tig:
        atl: Molecular Analysis of Conditional Discriminations: The Sequential Pattern of Human Learning.
      aug:
        au:
          Rubio, Adriana Regina
          Tomanari, Gerson Yukio
        affil:
          https://ror.org/012mm7y56 Universidade Metodista, São Bernardo do Campo, SP, Brasil
          https://ror.org/036rp1748 Instituto de Psicologia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
          Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia sobre Comportamento, Cognição e Ensino, INCT-ECCE, São Carlos, SP, Brasil
      su:
        Learning
        Reinforcement (Psychology)
        Equivalence classes (Set theory)
        Differentiation (Cognition)
        Pattern perception
      sug:
        subj:
          Learning
          Reinforcement (Psychology)
          Equivalence classes (Set theory)
          Differentiation (Cognition)
          Pattern perception
      keyword:
        Conditional relation training
        Humans
        Matching-to-sample task
        Sequential acquisition
        Conditional relation training
        Humans
        Matching-to-sample task
        Sequential acquisition
      ab: Whether the acquisition of conditional relations occurs simultaneously or sequentially is often obscured by global accuracy measures. The present study analyzed the acquisition of conditional discriminations in humans using a molecular, trial-by-trial approach. Three undergraduate students were trained on 12 visual conditional relations, divided into two sets (AB and BC), using an arbitrary zero-delay matching-to-sample (MTS) procedure. Results showed that all participants reached the acquisition criteria for each conditional relation at different moments during training. The cumulative frequency curves for each relation showed minimal overlap, indicating a clear sequential pattern of acquisition where relations were learned one by one. These findings suggest that average accuracy scores can mask individual learning trajectories and that reinforcement histories develop uniquely for each relation during training. Understanding these fundamental learning processes in MTS is a crucial step toward elucidating the mechanisms governing the formation of equivalence classes and possibly improving the efficiency with which these classes are formed.
      pubtype: Academic Journal
      doctype: Article
      src: R
    language: English
    refInfo:
    copyright:
      @attributes:
        flag: N
    holdings:
      @attributes:
        islocal: N