The Transfer Effect of Mental Rotation Training on Arithmetic Skill: The Role of State Anxiety and Arithmetic Strategy Use.

Spatial skills in early childhood are key predictors of mathematical achievement. Previous studies have found that training mental rotation can transfer to arithmetic skills; however, some studies have failed to replicate this transfer effect, or observed transfer effects only in certain types of ar...

Descripción completa

Detalles Bibliográficos
Publicado en:Developmental Psychology Vol. 62; no. 9; pp. 1834 - 1847
Autores principales: Zhang, Xinhe, Gunderson, Elizabeth A.
Formato: Artículo
Publicado: American Psychological Association Sep2026
Materias:
Acceso en línea:Ver este registro en EBSCOhost
fields @attributes:
  recordID: 1
pdfLink:
plink: https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=ssf&AN=195791705&site=ehost-live
header:
  @attributes:
    shortDbName: ssf
    uiTerm: 195791705
    longDbName: Social Sciences Full Text (H.W. Wilson)
    uiTag: AN
  controlInfo:
    bkinfo:
    jinfo:
      jid:
        00121649
        DPS
      jtl: Developmental Psychology
      issn: 00121649
      maglogo: N
    pubinfo:
      dt: Sep2026
      vid: 62
      iid: 9
      pid: 34
      pub: American Psychological Association
    artinfo:
      ui:
        195791705
        10.1037/dev0002040
      ppf: 1834
      ppct: 13
      formats:
      tig:
        atl: The Transfer Effect of Mental Rotation Training on Arithmetic Skill: The Role of State Anxiety and Arithmetic Strategy Use.
      aug:
        au:
          Zhang, Xinhe
          Gunderson, Elizabeth A.
        affil: Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University–Bloomington
      su:
        United States
        Elementary schools
        Task performance
        Psychology of school children
        Rating of students
        Blind experiment
        Randomized controlled trials
        Problem solving
        Academic achievement
        Psychological tests
        Children
        Anxiety prevention
        Statistical power analysis
        Mathematics
        Research funding
        Statistical sampling
        Transfer of training
        Analysis of covariance
        Descriptive statistics
        Control groups
        Pre-tests & post-tests
        Learning strategies
        Comparative studies
        Factor analysis
        Data analysis software
        Thought & thinking
        Student assignments
      sug:
        subj:
          Elementary schools
          Task performance
          Psychology of school children
          Rating of students
          Blind experiment
          Randomized controlled trials
          Problem solving
          Academic achievement
          Psychological tests
          Children
          United States
          Elementary and Secondary Schools
          Marketing Research and Public Opinion Polling
          Anxiety prevention
          Statistical power analysis
          Mathematics
          Research funding
          Statistical sampling
          Transfer of training
          Analysis of covariance
          Descriptive statistics
          Control groups
          Pre-tests & post-tests
          Learning strategies
          Comparative studies
          Factor analysis
          Data analysis software
          Thought & thinking
          Student assignments
      keyword:
        arithmetic skill
        arithmetic strategy
        mental rotation training
        Spatial skills
        transfer effect
        arithmetic skill
        arithmetic strategy
        mental rotation training
        Spatial skills
        transfer effect
      ab: Spatial skills in early childhood are key predictors of mathematical achievement. Previous studies have found that training mental rotation can transfer to arithmetic skills; however, some studies have failed to replicate this transfer effect, or observed transfer effects only in certain types of arithmetic problems. Even in studies where transfer effects were observed, the underlying mechanisms of this transfer have not been explored. This study focused on the effect of short-duration (i.e., single-session) spatial training on arithmetic skills, and tested two underlying mechanisms. First, based on the spatial modeling account, short-duration spatial training may prime spatial processing, leading to a reduction in the use of counting strategies and an increase in spatially related strategies following spatial training. Second, from a social–psychological account, short-duration spatial training may reduce children's state anxiety, thus allowing them more cognitive resources in spatial and arithmetic tasks. We tested these mechanisms among 80 U.S. second and third graders using a pretest–intervention–posttest design, with 40 children in the spatial training group and 40 in an active control group. Short-duration spatial training improved children's overall arithmetic performance; this effect did not differ by problem type (conventional, missing-term, or two-step problems). Spatial training also reduced children's use of counting strategies. However, we did not find a significant increase in spatially related strategies, nor did we observe a significant reduction in state anxiety. This study makes an important contribution to understanding the mechanisms underlying the transfer effects of short-duration spatial training on arithmetic skills, providing partial support for the spatial modeling account. Public Significance Statement: This study found that brief spatial training improved 2nd- and 3rd-graders' accuracy on arithmetic problems and reduced children's reliance on counting strategies, suggesting that spatial skills support math problem solving through mental modeling. This study highlights the potential value of incorporating spatial training into early math education to support children's math learning.
      pubtype: Academic Journal
      doctype: Article
      src: R
    language: English
    refInfo:
    copyright:
      @attributes:
        flag: N
    holdings:
      @attributes:
        islocal: N