Antibacterial Activity of Zanthoxylum chalybeum, Aloe deserti, and Zanthoxylum usambarense.

Various Gram‐positive and Gram‐negative enteric pathogens are responsible for bacterial gastroenteritis, and this condition is commonly treated with antibiotics. But, the growing prevalence of antimicrobial resistance and drug‐associated toxicities has diminished the effectiveness of conventional dr...

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Publicado en:BioMed Research International Vol. 2026; pp. 1 - 17
Autores principales: Maithulia, Stephen Mugambi, Chumba, Careen Ihazano, Maingi, John Muthini, Mburu, David Ng'ang'a, Njagi, Eliud Nyaga Mwaniki, Gurumallesh Prabu, Poorani
Formato: equations & formulas pictorial research tables/charts Journal Article
Publicado: Wiley-Blackwell 7/29/2026
Acceso en línea:Ver este registro en EBSCOhost
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      dt: 7/29/2026
      vid: 2026
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      pub: Wiley-Blackwell
      place: Malden, Massachusetts
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        195792315
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        10.1155/bmri/6610508
        195792315
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        atl: Antibacterial Activity of Zanthoxylum chalybeum, Aloe deserti, and Zanthoxylum usambarense.
      aug:
        au:
          Maithulia, Stephen Mugambi
          Chumba, Careen Ihazano
          Maingi, John Muthini
          Mburu, David Ng'ang'a
          Njagi, Eliud Nyaga Mwaniki
          Gurumallesh Prabu, Poorani
        affil: Department of Biochemistry, , Microbiology and Biotechnology, , Kenyatta University, , Nairobi, Kenya, ku.ac.ke
      sug:
        subj:
          Antibiotics Pharmacodynamics
          Plant Extracts Pharmacodynamics
          Aloe Pharmacodynamics
          In Vitro Studies
          Kenya
          Gram-Positive Bacteria Drug Effects
          Microbial Culture and Sensitivity Tests
          Staphylococcus Aureus Drug Effects
          Bacillus Drug Effects
          Escherichia Coli Drug Effects
          Phytochemicals
          Quinones
          Data Analysis Software
          Descriptive Statistics
          One-Way Analysis of Variance
          Post Hoc Analysis
          Comparative Studies
          Enterococcus Drug Effects
          Alkaloids
          Flavonoids
          Tannins
          Terpenes
          Glycosides
          Metals, Heavy
      ab: Various Gram‐positive and Gram‐negative enteric pathogens are responsible for bacterial gastroenteritis, and this condition is commonly treated with antibiotics. But, the growing prevalence of antimicrobial resistance and drug‐associated toxicities has diminished the effectiveness of conventional drugs, prompting the need for alternative remedies, especially from medicinal plants. This study assessed the in vitro antibacterial potential of Zanthoxylum chalybeum and Zanthoxylum usambarense and Aloe deserti. Standard bacterial strains from the Kenya Medical Research Institute were employed for antibacterial assays. Antibacterial activities were determined by means of inhibition zone diameters, MICs, MBCs, and time‐kill kinetics. Methanol extracts from Zanthoxylum chalybeum and Aloe deserti had no antibacterial activity. In contrast, the methanolic extract of Zanthxylum usambarense exhibited antibacterial action in a concentration‐ and time‐dependent fashion, with very potent efficacy against Bacillus cereus, Bacillus subtilis, and Staphylococcus aureus, moderate against Enterococcus faecalis, and low against Escherichia coli. Time‐kill studies confirmed rapid bactericidal action against susceptible Gram‐positive bacteria. Phytochemicals detected include alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, terpenoids, and glycosides, as well as trace and heavy metals. Zanthoxylum usambarense exhibited remarkable antibacterial effect against Gram‐positive bacteria, but limited activity was exhibited against Gram‐negative strains. However, the present study was limited to in vitro testing, and post‐extraction quality control testing was not included. Thus, clinical application of the results cannot be made. Further studies are needed to identify the active constituents of the extract, toxicity, efficacy, and standardization of the extract.
      pubtype: Academic Journal
      doctype:
        equations & formulas
        pictorial
        research
        tables/charts
        Journal Article
      ougenre: Article
    language: English
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