Differences in speed, trunk range of motion, and cycle kinematics between Para-Nordic sit-skiing classes across inclines.
In sit-skiing, propulsion is generated by the upper-extremities and trunk. We examined if terrain incline and class affected the speed, trunk range of motion, and cycle kinematics of sit-skiers during competitive distance events. Thirty-six elite Para-Nordic sit-skiers were equipped with integrated...
| Published in: | Journal of Sports Sciences Vol. 44; no. 14; pp. 1769 - 1782 |
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| Main Authors: | , , , |
| Format: | pictorial research tables/charts Journal Article |
| Published: |
Taylor & Francis Ltd
Jul2026
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| Online Access: | View this record in EBSCOhost |
| fields | @attributes: recordID: 1 pdfLink: plink: https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=ccm&AN=195834427&site=ehost-live header: @attributes: shortDbName: ccm uiTerm: 195834427 longDbName: CINAHL Complete uiTag: AN controlInfo: bkinfo: dissinfo: jinfo: jid: 02640414 5BV jtl: Journal of Sports Sciences issn: 02640414 maglogo: Y pubinfo: dt: Jul2026 vid: 44 iid: 14 pid: 377 pub: Taylor & Francis Ltd place: Philadelphia, Pennsylvania artinfo: ui: 195834427 195540104 195834427 195834427 10.1080/02640414.2026.2692294 195834427 ppf: 1769 ppct: 13 formats: tig: atl: Differences in speed, trunk range of motion, and cycle kinematics between Para-Nordic sit-skiing classes across inclines. aug: au: Severin, Anna Cecilia Baumgart, Julia Kathrin Kocbach, Jan Ettema, Gertjan affil: Centre for Elite Sports Research, Department of Neuromedicine and Movement Science, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway sug: subj: Cross Country Skiing Sitting Sports for Persons with Disabilities Kinematics Athletic Performance Torso Range of Motion Biomechanics Competitive Behavior Human Male Female Norway Nonexperimental Studies Accelerometers Male Female ab: In sit-skiing, propulsion is generated by the upper-extremities and trunk. We examined if terrain incline and class affected the speed, trunk range of motion, and cycle kinematics of sit-skiers during competitive distance events. Thirty-six elite Para-Nordic sit-skiers were equipped with integrated IMU- and GNSS-sensors at the 2022 and 2023 World Championships, and five individual races were analysed at each event. Relationships between speed, trunk range of motion, cycle length and cycle rate and "incline" and "class" were modelled using mixed-effects models. The classes showed similar adaptations to changing incline, with decreased speed and cycle length and relatively constant range of motion and cycle rate. Compared to the LW12 class, the LW10.5 class had a lower speed (p = 0.004), trunk range of motion (p = 0.005) and cycle length (p = 0.049) at the 2022 event and lower range of motion (p = 0.017) and higher cycle rate (p = 0.020) at the 2023 event. There were considerable overlaps between the classes in all variables, which highlights that despite a relatively large number of measurements, this study was likely statistically underpowered for the between-class comparisons. Overall, this study suggests that while some differences exist between the LW12 and LW10.5 classes, between-class differences may be smaller than the differences between individual athletes. pubtype: Academic Journal doctype: pictorial research tables/charts Journal Article ougenre: Article language: English refInfo: holdings: @attributes: islocal: N |
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