Targeting time perception in biathlon: Examining physiological and perceptual responses to time pressure.
Performing under time pressure is critical, yet limited research has examined how psychophysiological and affective factors influence temporal estimation in sport competition. This study investigated the influence of psychophysiological exertion, fatigue, and affect on time perception during a simul...
| Publicado en: | Journal of Sports Sciences Vol. 44; no. 14; pp. 1812 - 1827 |
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| Autores principales: | , , , , |
| Formato: | research tables/charts Journal Article |
| Publicado: |
Taylor & Francis Ltd
Jul2026
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| Acceso en línea: | Ver este registro en EBSCOhost |
| fields | @attributes: recordID: 1 pdfLink: plink: https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=ccm&AN=195834430&site=ehost-live header: @attributes: shortDbName: ccm uiTerm: 195834430 longDbName: CINAHL Complete uiTag: AN controlInfo: bkinfo: dissinfo: jinfo: jid: 02640414 5BV jtl: Journal of Sports Sciences issn: 02640414 maglogo: Y pubinfo: dt: Jul2026 vid: 44 iid: 14 pid: 377 pub: Taylor & Francis Ltd place: Philadelphia, Pennsylvania artinfo: ui: 195834430 195333618 195834430 195834430 10.1080/02640414.2026.2702737 195834430 ppf: 1812 ppct: 15 formats: tig: atl: Targeting time perception in biathlon: Examining physiological and perceptual responses to time pressure. aug: au: Davis, Paul A. Åström, Elisabeth McGawley, Kerry Arnqvist, Natalya Pya Jonsson Kårström, Malin affil: Department of Psychology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden sug: subj: Time Pressure Exertion Fatigue Affect Simulations Sporting Events Skiing Target Sports Time Human Athletes, Male Athletes, Female Young Adult Standing Heart Rate Attention Sweden Repeated Measures Task Performance and Analysis Scales Descriptive Statistics T-Tests Paired T-Tests Analysis of Variance Data Analysis Software Funding Source ab: Performing under time pressure is critical, yet limited research has examined how psychophysiological and affective factors influence temporal estimation in sport competition. This study investigated the influence of psychophysiological exertion, fatigue, and affect on time perception during a simulated biathlon competition. Thirty-two biathletes (14 men, 18 women; age M = 21.3, SD = 3.9 y) completed five laps of roller-skiing separated by four shooting rounds (prone–standing–prone–standing). Prospective Time Production (PTP) and Prospective Verbal Estimation (PVE) were assessed alongside heart rate, perceived exertion, fatigue, and affective valence. Participants produced shorter intervals than the PTP target duration (29 s) post-competition (p <.001, d = 0.85), indicating time was perceived to pass faster relative to chronometric time under cumulative psychophysiological load. PVE accuracy differed by shooting position (p <.001, η2 =.22), with time in prone perceived shorter than standing. Within-participant analyses showed higher heart rate, exertion, fatigue, and negative affect predicted greater temporal distortions during roller-skiing and shooting. These findings indicate that time perception in biathlon is dynamically shaped by interactions between physiological strain, affect, and task-specific attentional demands. Applied implications highlight integrating time perception calibration and affect regulation into pressure-training to improve pacing, shooting rhythm, and performance consistency. pubtype: Academic Journal doctype: research tables/charts Journal Article ougenre: Article language: English refInfo: holdings: @attributes: islocal: N |
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