Analyzing Polish Mandarin Learners' Tones Using Generalized Additive Mixed Models.
The study investigates the monosyllabic tonal acquisition of 10 female Polish-speaking beginner learners of Mandarin and compares their patterns of tone production with 9 Taiwanese Mandarin native speakers. The dynamic data were analyzed using a generalized additive mixed model approach with 11 even...
| Publicado en: | Journal of Monolingual & Bilingual Speech (JMBS) Vol. 7; no. 2; pp. 169 - 197 |
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| Autores principales: | , , |
| Formato: | Artículo |
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University of Toronto Press
Jul2026
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| Acceso en línea: | Ver este registro en EBSCOhost |
| fields | @attributes: recordID: 1 pdfLink: plink: https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=hlh&AN=195842248&site=ehost-live header: @attributes: shortDbName: hlh uiTerm: 195842248 longDbName: Humanities International Complete uiTag: AN controlInfo: bkinfo: jinfo: jid: 26318407 MK4O jtl: Journal of Monolingual & Bilingual Speech (JMBS) issn: 26318407 maglogo: N pubinfo: dt: Jul2026 vid: 7 iid: 2 pid: 678 pub: University of Toronto Press artinfo: ui: 195842248 10.3138/jmbs-25969 ppf: 169 ppct: 28 formats: fmt: – @attributes: type: T – @attributes: type: P size: 3.7MB tig: atl: Analyzing Polish Mandarin Learners' Tones Using Generalized Additive Mixed Models. aug: au: Chu, Man-ni Chang, Carson Lin, Hui-Wen affil: Graduate Institute of Cross-Culture Studies, Fu Jen University, New Taipei City, Taiwan Department of Mathematics, Soochow University Taipei, Taiwan su: Phonetics Statistical models Second language acquisition Language acquisition Prosodic analysis (Linguistics) Intonation (Musical pitch) sug: subj: Phonetics Statistical models Second language acquisition Language acquisition Prosodic analysis (Linguistics) Intonation (Musical pitch) keyword: generalized additive mixed models (GAMMs) L1 Polish learners Mandarin Chinese monosyllabic tones ab: The study investigates the monosyllabic tonal acquisition of 10 female Polish-speaking beginner learners of Mandarin and compares their patterns of tone production with 9 Taiwanese Mandarin native speakers. The dynamic data were analyzed using a generalized additive mixed model approach with 11 evenly divided frequency bands (in Hz) extracted from the tonal-bearing unit and converted into T-values. The results show that the L1 Polish learners displayed a relatively lower initial point in producing T4, while T1, T2, and T3 were all well-produced in terms of register and contour. It is suggested that L1 Polish female beginners practice setting up the starting point of T4 as T1. The generalized additive mixed models approach has been shown to be effective in describing Chinese tone patterns, including those of native speakers, in a scientific way, by applying a smoothing procedure to items read out by participants so that they can be successfully compared. pubtype: Academic Journal doctype: Article src: R language: English refInfo: copyright: @attributes: flag: Y custom: Copyright of Journal of Monolingual & Bilingual Speech (JMBS) is the property of University of Toronto Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. item: Journal of Monolingual & Bilingual Speech (JMBS) holder: University of Toronto Press dt: @attributes: year: 2026 holdings: @attributes: islocal: N |
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