Analyzing Polish Mandarin Learners' Tones Using Generalized Additive Mixed Models.

The study investigates the monosyllabic tonal acquisition of 10 female Polish-speaking beginner learners of Mandarin and compares their patterns of tone production with 9 Taiwanese Mandarin native speakers. The dynamic data were analyzed using a generalized additive mixed model approach with 11 even...

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Publicado en:Journal of Monolingual & Bilingual Speech (JMBS) Vol. 7; no. 2; pp. 169 - 197
Autores principales: Chu, Man-ni, Chang, Carson, Lin, Hui-Wen
Formato: Artículo
Publicado: University of Toronto Press Jul2026
Materias:
Acceso en línea:Ver este registro en EBSCOhost
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      dt: Jul2026
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      pub: University of Toronto Press
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        atl: Analyzing Polish Mandarin Learners' Tones Using Generalized Additive Mixed Models.
      aug:
        au:
          Chu, Man-ni
          Chang, Carson
          Lin, Hui-Wen
        affil:
          Graduate Institute of Cross-Culture Studies, Fu Jen University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
          Department of Mathematics, Soochow University Taipei, Taiwan
      su:
        Phonetics
        Statistical models
        Second language acquisition
        Language acquisition
        Prosodic analysis (Linguistics)
        Intonation (Musical pitch)
      sug:
        subj:
          Phonetics
          Statistical models
          Second language acquisition
          Language acquisition
          Prosodic analysis (Linguistics)
          Intonation (Musical pitch)
      keyword:
        generalized additive mixed models (GAMMs)
        L1 Polish learners
        Mandarin Chinese
        monosyllabic tones
      ab: The study investigates the monosyllabic tonal acquisition of 10 female Polish-speaking beginner learners of Mandarin and compares their patterns of tone production with 9 Taiwanese Mandarin native speakers. The dynamic data were analyzed using a generalized additive mixed model approach with 11 evenly divided frequency bands (in Hz) extracted from the tonal-bearing unit and converted into T-values. The results show that the L1 Polish learners displayed a relatively lower initial point in producing T4, while T1, T2, and T3 were all well-produced in terms of register and contour. It is suggested that L1 Polish female beginners practice setting up the starting point of T4 as T1. The generalized additive mixed models approach has been shown to be effective in describing Chinese tone patterns, including those of native speakers, in a scientific way, by applying a smoothing procedure to items read out by participants so that they can be successfully compared.
      pubtype: Academic Journal
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    language: English
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      custom: Copyright of Journal of Monolingual & Bilingual Speech (JMBS) is the property of University of Toronto Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use.
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