Young adult urbanicity, late midlife neighborhood disadvantage, and cognitive functioning in community-dwelling older men.
Objectives Early-life rural-urban residence has been linked to differences in later-life cognitive functioning and dementia risk. However, the contextual pathways underlying these associations, particularly emergent associations later in life, remain underexplored. We examined the associations betwe...
| Publicado en: | Journals of Gerontology Series B: Psychological Sciences & Social Sciences Vol. 81; no. 8; pp. 1 - 13 |
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| Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , |
| Formato: | Artículo |
| Publicado: |
Oxford University Press / USA
Aug2026
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| Materias: | |
| Acceso en línea: | Ver este registro en EBSCOhost |
| fields | @attributes: recordID: 1 pdfLink: plink: https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=ssf&AN=195931913&site=ehost-live header: @attributes: shortDbName: ssf uiTerm: 195931913 longDbName: Social Sciences Full Text (H.W. Wilson) uiTag: AN controlInfo: bkinfo: jinfo: jid: 10795014 JGB jtl: Journals of Gerontology Series B: Psychological Sciences & Social Sciences issn: 10795014 maglogo: N pubinfo: dt: Aug2026 vid: 81 iid: 8 pid: 622 pub: Oxford University Press / USA artinfo: ui: 195931913 10.1093/geronb/gbag093 ppf: 1 ppct: 12 formats: tig: atl: Young adult urbanicity, late midlife neighborhood disadvantage, and cognitive functioning in community-dwelling older men. aug: au: Tang, Rongxiang Beck, Asad Gustavson, Daniel E Eyler, Lisa T Elman, Jeremy A Bell, Tyler R Buchholz, Erik Hunt, Jack F V Vo, Tina T Fennema-Notestine, Christine affil: Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States Institute for Behavioral Genetics and Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, United States Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United StatesCenter for Behavior Genetics of Aging, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United StatesDepartment of Psychiatry, University of Washington, Seattle, United States Center for Behavior Genetics of Aging, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United StatesDepartment of Radiology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States su: United States Income Socioeconomic factors Residential patterns Executive function Rural population Psychological tests Cognition Old age Pearson correlation (Statistics) Independent living Data analysis Research funding Scientific observation Probability theory Descriptive statistics Longitudinal method Statistics Factor analysis Data analysis software Neighborhood characteristics sug: subj: Income Socioeconomic factors Residential patterns Executive function Rural population Psychological tests Cognition Old age United States Pearson correlation (Statistics) Independent living Data analysis Research funding Scientific observation Probability theory Descriptive statistics Longitudinal method Statistics Factor analysis Data analysis software Neighborhood characteristics keyword: adult aged area deprivation index cognition cognitive ability community copyrightHolder:The Gerontological Society of America copyrightYear:2026 dementia episodic memory executive functioning https://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geronb/gbag093 inLanguage:en limbic-predominant age-related tdp-43 encephalopathy mental processes middle-aged adult neighborhood neighborhood disadvantage Processing speed publisher:Oxford University Press Rural sameAs:https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42178222/ Urban verbal fluency visuospatial ability young adult adult aged area deprivation index cognition cognitive ability community copyrightHolder:The Gerontological Society of America copyrightYear:2026 dementia episodic memory executive functioning https://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geronb/gbag093 inLanguage:en limbic-predominant age-related tdp-43 encephalopathy mental processes middle-aged adult neighborhood neighborhood disadvantage Processing speed publisher:Oxford University Press Rural sameAs:https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42178222/ Urban verbal fluency visuospatial ability young adult ab: Objectives Early-life rural-urban residence has been linked to differences in later-life cognitive functioning and dementia risk. However, the contextual pathways underlying these associations, particularly emergent associations later in life, remain underexplored. We examined the associations between young adult urbanicity and domain-specific cognition in older adulthood and whether late midlife neighborhood socioeconomic disadvantage may mediate such associations. Methods Participants were 881 community-dwelling men aged 61–73 from across the United States. Young adult urbanicity (rural, suburban, and urban) was assessed at a mean age of 20 based on the Rural-Urban Continuum Codes. Late midlife neighborhood disadvantage was indexed by the area deprivation index (ADI), and cognitive performance in older adulthood was assessed in five domains: executive function, episodic memory, processing speed, verbal fluency, and visual-spatial ability. Results Compared to those in rural areas, participants who resided in urban areas during young adulthood had lower late midlife ADI (β = −0.85, p <.05), and better executive function (β = 0.19), processing speed (β = 0.24), and verbal fluency (β = 0.30) (ps <.05) in older adulthood. ADI partially mediated these associations, such that urban residence was associated with lower ADI, which was then associated with better performance in these three domains (indirect effects: βs = 0.02 to 0.03). Discussion Late midlife neighborhood disadvantage represents a contextual pathway linking early-life rural-urban residence to cognitive function in older adulthood. Reducing socioeconomic disadvantage through health policies and interventions at both the community-level early in life and the neighborhood-level later in life may help reduce the risk of cognitive impairment and dementia. pubtype: Academic Journal doctype: Article src: R language: English refInfo: copyright: @attributes: flag: N holdings: @attributes: islocal: N |
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