Distribution and Chemical Nature of Al2O3 Residues Following the Sandblasting Process: An In Vitro Study Using SEM, EDS, and Cytotoxicity Analysis.

Background: Osseointegration is a fundamental requirement for the long‐term success of dental implants. Several implant systems have demonstrated excellent clinical outcomes over time, confirming their high reliability in the treatment of edentulism, even in patients with chronic disease. The succes...

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Publicado en:BioMed Research International Vol. 2026; pp. 1 - 8
Autores principales: Scarano, Antonio, Gehrke, Sergio Alexandre, Falisi, Giovanni, Tari, Sergio Rexhep, Traini, Tonino, Mastrangelo, Filiberto, Gurumallesh Prabu, Poorani
Formato: pictorial research tables/charts Journal Article
Publicado: Wiley-Blackwell 8/5/2026
Acceso en línea:Ver este registro en EBSCOhost
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      dt: 8/5/2026
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      pub: Wiley-Blackwell
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        10.1155/bmri/8875067
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        atl: Distribution and Chemical Nature of Al2O3 Residues Following the Sandblasting Process: An In Vitro Study Using SEM, EDS, and Cytotoxicity Analysis.
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        au:
          Scarano, Antonio
          Gehrke, Sergio Alexandre
          Falisi, Giovanni
          Tari, Sergio Rexhep
          Traini, Tonino
          Mastrangelo, Filiberto
          Gurumallesh Prabu, Poorani
        affil: Department of Innovative Technology in Medicine and Dentistry,, University of Chieti-Pescara,, Chieti, Italy, unich.it
      sug:
        subj:
          Dental Implants Analysis
          Aluminum Oxide Analysis
          Equipment Contamination Evaluation
          Microscopy, Electron, Scanning
          Spectrometry, X-Ray Emission
          Toxicity Tests
          In Vitro Studies
          Materials Testing
          Surface Properties
          Descriptive Statistics
          Biocompatible Materials
          Cell Viability
          Osseointegration
      ab: Background: Osseointegration is a fundamental requirement for the long‐term success of dental implants. Several implant systems have demonstrated excellent clinical outcomes over time, confirming their high reliability in the treatment of edentulism, even in patients with chronic disease. The success of these devices is closely linked to the characteristics of the implant surface, which directly influence the biological response of the surrounding bone. Objectives: The primary objective of this study was to investigate the presence of foreign material on the surface of dental implants following aluminum oxide sandblasting and subsequent surface treatment procedures. This analysis was conducted using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy‐dispersive x‐ray spectroscopy (EDS) to characterize the surface morphology and elemental composition. The secondary objective was to evaluate the cytotoxic potential of the implant surface through in vitro assays, in accordance with ISO 10993‐5:2009, to assess its biocompatibility and suitability for clinical application. Materials and Methods: Twenty threaded screw‐shaped sandblasted Grade 5 titanium dental implants Dental Implant Advance 4.2 × 11.5 mm (Kinetical Implant, Buenos Aires, Argentina) for SEM combined with EDS, in order to identify the presence of possible organic contaminants or residues of the surface treatment process. Another 20 dental implant samples of the same type (4.2 × 11.5 mm) were used for the cytotoxicity test. Result: SEM analysis revealed a surface morphology consistent with sandblasting treatment, characterized by uniform roughness. However, particles with irregular shapes were observed in certain areas. Aluminum oxide particles were observed adhering to the surface of the implant. The cell viability percentages for each group were as follows: vehicle, 100.0%; negative control (HDPE), 96.0%; positive control (latex), 0.24%; and test samples, 96.9%. Based on the results obtained, the test sample did not show any relevant cytotoxic effects, maintaining a cell viability above 70% and OD values comparable to the negative controls. Therefore, it can be considered noncytotoxic in accordance with ISO 10993‐5. Conclusion: In conclusion, these findings indicate that the presence of residual alumina particles, resulting from the sandblasting process, does not exert a negative impact on cellular viability. Consequently, such residues can be considered not cytotoxic under the tested conditions, supporting the biocompatibility of the implant surface.
      pubtype: Academic Journal
      doctype:
        pictorial
        research
        tables/charts
        Journal Article
      ougenre: Article
    language: English
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