Mandarin translation and validation of the Theory of Mind Inventory‐2 and the Theory of Mind Task Battery for autistic children in Mainland China.

The objective of the study was to translate and culturally adapt two important measures of theory of mind (ToM)—the Theory of Mind Inventory‐2 (ToMI‐2) and the Theory of Mind Task Battery (ToMTB)—into a Mandarin version (the ToMI‐2‐M and the ToMTB‐M). The ToMI‐2‐M and the ToMTB‐M were first develope...

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Publicado en:British Journal of Developmental Psychology Vol. 44; no. 3; pp. 689 - 708
Autores principales: Tian, Mi, Au, Rachel H. Y., Cao, Shiyue, Shi, Huiming, Xin, Cong, Xia, Wenyu
Formato: research tables/charts Journal Article
Publicado: Wiley-Blackwell Sep2026
Acceso en línea:Ver este registro en EBSCOhost
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      dt: Sep2026
      vid: 44
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      pub: Wiley-Blackwell
      place: Malden, Massachusetts
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        10.1111/bjdp.70043
        196035473
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        atl: Mandarin translation and validation of the Theory of Mind Inventory‐2 and the Theory of Mind Task Battery for autistic children in Mainland China.
      aug:
        au:
          Tian, Mi
          Au, Rachel H. Y.
          Cao, Shiyue
          Shi, Huiming
          Xin, Cong
          Xia, Wenyu
        affil: School of Education Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
      sug:
        subj:
          Children with Disabilities Psychosocial Factors
          Autism Spectrum Disorder Psychosocial Factors
          Theory of Mind Evaluation
          Task Performance and Analysis Evaluation
          Psychometrics Evaluation
          Clinical Assessment Tools
          Instrument Adaptation
          Instrument Validation
          Human
          Male
          Female
          Child, Preschool
          Child
          China
          Validation Studies
          Pilot Studies
          Comparative Studies
          Descriptive Statistics
          Data Analysis Software
          Questionnaires
          Pearson's Correlation Coefficient
          Linear Regression
          ROC Curve
          Internal Consistency Evaluation
          Test-Retest Reliability Evaluation
          Content Validity Evaluation
          Criterion-Related Validity Evaluation
          Discriminant Validity Evaluation
          Neuropsychological Tests
          Psychological Tests
          Psychomotor Performance
          Funding Source
          Child, Preschool: 2-5 years
          Child: 6-12 years
          Male
          Female
      ab: The objective of the study was to translate and culturally adapt two important measures of theory of mind (ToM)—the Theory of Mind Inventory‐2 (ToMI‐2) and the Theory of Mind Task Battery (ToMTB)—into a Mandarin version (the ToMI‐2‐M and the ToMTB‐M). The ToMI‐2‐M and the ToMTB‐M were first developed through translation, expert validation, and a pilot study. Ninety‐four autistic children and 43 verbal ability‐matched non‐autistic children (aged 2.5–8 years) were then tested to evaluate the psychometric properties of the two assessment tools. Both the ToMI‐2‐M and the ToMTB‐M showed good internal consistency and test–retest reliability. Content validity was supported by an expert panel. Concurrent validity was supported by the two assessment tools' correlations with other ToM tasks, visual perspective taking, inhibitory control, and autistic characteristics. The discriminative validity was demonstrated by significantly higher scores of non‐autistic children than autistic children on these assessment tasks. Age‐related changes and the receiver operating characteristic curve analysis also provided support. The ToMI‐2‐M and the ToMTB‐M showed good psychometric properties and represent useful tools for assessing ToM abilities of autistic children and non‐autistic children.
      pubtype: Academic Journal
      doctype:
        research
        tables/charts
        Journal Article
      ougenre: Article
    language: English
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