Clinical Significance of incidental findings of thyroid nodules with increased PSMA-uptake on PET.
Purpose: High uptake on PSMA PET has been reported for several solid non-prostate cancers, including thyroid carcinoma. PSMA uptake in benign thyroid nodules has been reported as well. In this retrospective single institution study, we investigated the incidence and etiology of incidentally detected...
| Published in: | European Journal of Nuclear Medicine & Molecular Imaging pp. 1 - 8 |
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| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
| Format: | Journal Article |
| Published: |
Springer Nature
Aug2026
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| Online Access: | View this record in EBSCOhost |
| fields | @attributes: recordID: 1 pdfLink: plink: https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=ccm&AN=196067453&site=ehost-live header: @attributes: shortDbName: ccm uiTerm: 196067453 longDbName: CINAHL Complete uiTag: AN controlInfo: bkinfo: dissinfo: jinfo: jid: 16197070 NPC jtl: European Journal of Nuclear Medicine & Molecular Imaging issn: 16197070 maglogo: N pubinfo: dt: Aug2026 pid: 237 pub: Springer Nature place: New York, New York artinfo: ui: 196067453 10.1007/s00259-026-08120-w 196067453 ppf: 1 ppct: 7 formats: tig: atl: Clinical Significance of incidental findings of thyroid nodules with increased PSMA-uptake on PET. aug: au: Bayraktar, Esref Alperen Kruger, Livia F. Bogsrud, Trond Velde Huls, Sean J. Zhang, Jun Burkett, Brian J. Bilgin, Cem Bilgin, Gokce Belge Nikanpour, Yalda Bayraktar, Aysel Kaplan Hallanger Johnson, Julie E. Pandey, Mukesh K. Kendi, Ayse Tuba Packard, Ann T. Parvinian, Ahmad Johnson, Geoff B. Durski, Jolanta M. affil: Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic sug: ab: Purpose: High uptake on PSMA PET has been reported for several solid non-prostate cancers, including thyroid carcinoma. PSMA uptake in benign thyroid nodules has been reported as well. In this retrospective single institution study, we investigated the incidence and etiology of incidentally detected thyroid nodules with uptake on PSMA PET in a cohort of prostate cancer patients.We performed a search of our imaging database and identified PSMA PET demonstrating focal thyroid uptake. When multiple PSMA PET, only the first that demonstrated a thyroid nodule with PSMA-uptake was included. PET images were reviewed visually and by measuring the maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) of the focal thyroid uptake. Ultrasound images, TI-RADS scores, cytology (Bethesda grade) and surgical pathology reports were reviewed.110 patients with focal thyroid PSMA-uptake who subsequently underwent ultrasound were included. Five had normal thyroid ultrasound. Five demonstrated two foci. FNAC was performed for 71 nodules in 68 patients. Cytology was nondiagnostic in 3 (4.2%; Bethesda I), benign in 37 (52.1%; Bethesda II), atypia of undetermined significance in 11 (15.5%; Bethesda III), suspicious for follicular or oxyphilic neoplasm in 8 (11.3%; Bethesda IV), suspicious for malignancy in 2 (2.8%; Bethesda V), and malignant in 10 (14.1%; Bethesda VI). A total of 15 malignancies were identified.In our cohort of prostate cancer patients, thyroid nodules with PSMA-uptake incidentally found on PET were primary thyroid carcinoma in 13.6%. An incidental finding of a thyroid nodule with PSMA-uptake should be considered for further follow up with ultrasound and FNAC.Methods: High uptake on PSMA PET has been reported for several solid non-prostate cancers, including thyroid carcinoma. PSMA uptake in benign thyroid nodules has been reported as well. In this retrospective single institution study, we investigated the incidence and etiology of incidentally detected thyroid nodules with uptake on PSMA PET in a cohort of prostate cancer patients.We performed a search of our imaging database and identified PSMA PET demonstrating focal thyroid uptake. When multiple PSMA PET, only the first that demonstrated a thyroid nodule with PSMA-uptake was included. PET images were reviewed visually and by measuring the maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) of the focal thyroid uptake. Ultrasound images, TI-RADS scores, cytology (Bethesda grade) and surgical pathology reports were reviewed.110 patients with focal thyroid PSMA-uptake who subsequently underwent ultrasound were included. Five had normal thyroid ultrasound. Five demonstrated two foci. FNAC was performed for 71 nodules in 68 patients. Cytology was nondiagnostic in 3 (4.2%; Bethesda I), benign in 37 (52.1%; Bethesda II), atypia of undetermined significance in 11 (15.5%; Bethesda III), suspicious for follicular or oxyphilic neoplasm in 8 (11.3%; Bethesda IV), suspicious for malignancy in 2 (2.8%; Bethesda V), and malignant in 10 (14.1%; Bethesda VI). A total of 15 malignancies were identified.In our cohort of prostate cancer patients, thyroid nodules with PSMA-uptake incidentally found on PET were primary thyroid carcinoma in 13.6%. An incidental finding of a thyroid nodule with PSMA-uptake should be considered for further follow up with ultrasound and FNAC.Results: High uptake on PSMA PET has been reported for several solid non-prostate cancers, including thyroid carcinoma. PSMA uptake in benign thyroid nodules has been reported as well. In this retrospective single institution study, we investigated the incidence and etiology of incidentally detected thyroid nodules with uptake on PSMA PET in a cohort of prostate cancer patients.We performed a search of our imaging database and identified PSMA PET demonstrating focal thyroid uptake. When multiple PSMA PET, only the first that demonstrated a thyroid nodule with PSMA-uptake was included. PET images were reviewed visually and by measuring the maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) of the focal thyroid uptake. Ultrasound images, TI-RADS scores, cytology (Bethesda grade) and surgical pathology reports were reviewed.110 patients with focal thyroid PSMA-uptake who subsequently underwent ultrasound were included. Five had normal thyroid ultrasound. Five demonstrated two foci. FNAC was performed for 71 nodules in 68 patients. Cytology was nondiagnostic in 3 (4.2%; Bethesda I), benign in 37 (52.1%; Bethesda II), atypia of undetermined significance in 11 (15.5%; Bethesda III), suspicious for follicular or oxyphilic neoplasm in 8 (11.3%; Bethesda IV), suspicious for malignancy in 2 (2.8%; Bethesda V), and malignant in 10 (14.1%; Bethesda VI). A total of 15 malignancies were identified.In our cohort of prostate cancer patients, thyroid nodules with PSMA-uptake incidentally found on PET were primary thyroid carcinoma in 13.6%. An incidental finding of a thyroid nodule with PSMA-uptake should be considered for further follow up with ultrasound and FNAC.Conclusions: High uptake on PSMA PET has been reported for several solid non-prostate cancers, including thyroid carcinoma. PSMA uptake in benign thyroid nodules has been reported as well. In this retrospective single institution study, we investigated the incidence and etiology of incidentally detected thyroid nodules with uptake on PSMA PET in a cohort of prostate cancer patients.We performed a search of our imaging database and identified PSMA PET demonstrating focal thyroid uptake. When multiple PSMA PET, only the first that demonstrated a thyroid nodule with PSMA-uptake was included. PET images were reviewed visually and by measuring the maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) of the focal thyroid uptake. Ultrasound images, TI-RADS scores, cytology (Bethesda grade) and surgical pathology reports were reviewed.110 patients with focal thyroid PSMA-uptake who subsequently underwent ultrasound were included. Five had normal thyroid ultrasound. Five demonstrated two foci. FNAC was performed for 71 nodules in 68 patients. Cytology was nondiagnostic in 3 (4.2%; Bethesda I), benign in 37 (52.1%; Bethesda II), atypia of undetermined significance in 11 (15.5%; Bethesda III), suspicious for follicular or oxyphilic neoplasm in 8 (11.3%; Bethesda IV), suspicious for malignancy in 2 (2.8%; Bethesda V), and malignant in 10 (14.1%; Bethesda VI). A total of 15 malignancies were identified.In our cohort of prostate cancer patients, thyroid nodules with PSMA-uptake incidentally found on PET were primary thyroid carcinoma in 13.6%. An incidental finding of a thyroid nodule with PSMA-uptake should be considered for further follow up with ultrasound and FNAC. pubtype: Academic Journal doctype: Journal Article ougenre: Article language: English refInfo: holdings: @attributes: islocal: N |
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