Bridging Three Decades: Global Self-Harm Trends From 1990–2021 and Projections to 2040.
Background: Self-harm, which includes both nonsuicidal self-injury and suicidal behaviors, poses a major global public health challenge. This study provides a comprehensive analysis of trends in self-harm worldwide, the socioeconomic disparities associated with it, and future projections, using data...
| Publicado en: | Actas Espanolas de Psiquiatria Vol. 54; no. 3; pp. 644 - 657 |
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| Autores principales: | , , , , , , |
| Formato: | Artículo |
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Maria Lopez-Ibor
2026
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| Acceso en línea: | Ver este registro en EBSCOhost |
| fields | @attributes: recordID: 1 pdfLink: plink: https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=lth&AN=196224133&site=ehost-live header: @attributes: shortDbName: lth uiTerm: 196224133 longDbName: MedicLatina uiTag: AN controlInfo: bkinfo: jinfo: jid: 11399287 IVZ jtl: Actas Espanolas de Psiquiatria issn: 11399287 maglogo: N pubinfo: dt: 2026 vid: 54 iid: 3 pid: 80014 pub: Maria Lopez-Ibor artinfo: ui: 196224133 10.62641/aep.v54i3.2111 ppf: 644 ppct: 13 formats: fmt: @attributes: type: P size: 22MB tig: atl: Bridging Three Decades: Global Self-Harm Trends From 1990–2021 and Projections to 2040. aug: au: Zhu, Hong Zhang, Xuhong Chen, Tiantian Lim, Zhixin Saeed, Saboor Tong, Jianping Shen, Ye affil: Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, 310003 Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China. Cixi Mingguang Eye Hospital, 315300 Ningbo, Zhejiang, China. School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 310003 Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China. Nanhu Brain Computer Interface Institute, 310003 Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China. su: Self-injurious behavior Socioeconomic disparities in health Gender inequality Prognosis Public health Mental health Epidemiology sug: subj: Self-injurious behavior Socioeconomic disparities in health Gender inequality Prognosis Public health Mental health Epidemiology keyword: epidemiology forecasting global health health inequities self-injurious behaviour ab: Background: Self-harm, which includes both nonsuicidal self-injury and suicidal behaviors, poses a major global public health challenge. This study provides a comprehensive analysis of trends in self-harm worldwide, the socioeconomic disparities associated with it, and future projections, using data from the Global Burden of Disease, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2021. Methods: Self-harm data were extracted from GBD 2021, including incidence, prevalence, mortality, years of life lost (YLLs), years lived with disability (YLDs), and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) for 204 countries and territories from 1990 to 2021. Age-standardized rates and estimated annual percentage change (EAPC) were calculated. Inequality was assessed using the Slope Index of Inequality (SII) and Concentration Index (CI). Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) models were employed to generate projections of self-harm burden from 2022 to 2040. Results: The global burden of self-harm is projected to change substantially by 2040, with deaths estimated to increase to 829,853 (95% Uncertainty Interval (UI), 262,233–1,397,474) and prevalence projected to rise to 35,863,341 (95% UI, 8,079,108–63,647,574) cases (representing a 131.9% increase from the 2021 baseline of 15,467,153 cases). From 1990 to 2021, age-standardized rates of self-harm demonstrated decreasing trends globally and across sociodemographic index (SDI) levels, with the largest declines observed in high-middle SDI countries. Gender disparities were evident, with more pronounced decreases in females. Inequalities in DALYs due to self-harm decreased over time but remained higher among females in lower-SDI populations. Conclusions: Despite decreasing age-standardized rates, the global burden of self-harm is projected to increase substantially by 2040, with driven by increasing incidence and prevalence in incidence and prevalence. Inequities persist, particularly among females in lower-SDI populations. Implementation of targeted prevention and intervention strategies, strengthening of mental health systems, and addressing social determinants of health are imperative to reduce the growing burden of self-harm worldwide. pubtype: Academic Journal doctype: Article src: R language: English refInfo: copyright: @attributes: flag: Y custom: Copyright of Actas Espanolas de Psiquiatria is the property of Maria Lopez-Ibor and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. item: Actas Espanolas de Psiquiatria holder: Maria Lopez-Ibor dt: @attributes: year: 2026 holdings: @attributes: islocal: N |
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