Examining therapeutic inertia patterns in type 2 diabetes patients with multiple chronic conditions: Time-to-event analysis.

Objective: Therapeutic inertia (TI) in type 2 diabetes (T2D)—delayed treatment adjustment despite elevated A1C—is often complicated by multiple chronic conditions (MCC). We examined how clinicians address TI in patients with T2D and MCC and evaluated association with patient, clinic, and neighborhoo...

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Publicado en:Journal of Multimorbidity & Comorbidity Vol. 16; pp. 1 - 14
Autores principales: Chen, Helen, Chung, Lap Pui, Balius, Patrick, Budhkar, Aishwarya Shishir, Punater, Paras, Fu, Mark, Schleyer, Titus, Sang, Elaine, Nkrumah, Isaac, Wolfson, Julian
Formato: research tables/charts Journal Article
Publicado: Sage Publications Inc. 8/22/2026
Acceso en línea:Ver este registro en EBSCOhost
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      dt: 8/22/2026
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      pub: Sage Publications Inc.
      place: Thousand Oaks, California
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        10.1177/26335565261469776
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        atl: Examining therapeutic inertia patterns in type 2 diabetes patients with multiple chronic conditions: Time-to-event analysis.
      aug:
        au:
          Chen, Helen
          Chung, Lap Pui
          Balius, Patrick
          Budhkar, Aishwarya Shishir
          Punater, Paras
          Fu, Mark
          Schleyer, Titus
          Sang, Elaine
          Nkrumah, Isaac
          Wolfson, Julian
        affil: Divison of Nursing Science, School of Nursing, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
      sug:
        subj:
          Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 Drug Therapy
          Chronic Disease
          Comorbidity
          Glycated Hemoglobin Blood
          Treatment Delay
          Practice Patterns
          Human
          Funding Source
          United States
          Male
          Female
          Adult
          Middle Age
          Aged
          Aged, 80 and Over
          Retrospective Design
          Record Review
          Nonexperimental Studies
          Prospective Studies
          Descriptive Statistics
          Kaplan-Meier Estimator
          Log-Rank Test
          Cox Proportional Hazards Model
          Data Analysis Software
          Diabetic Patients
          Healthcare Disparities
          Drugs, Prescription
          Residence Characteristics
          Neighborhood Characteristics
          Insulin Therapeutic Use
          Adult: 19-44 years
          Middle Aged: 45-64 years
          Aged: 65+ years
          Aged, 80 & over
          Male
          Female
      ab: Objective: Therapeutic inertia (TI) in type 2 diabetes (T2D)—delayed treatment adjustment despite elevated A1C—is often complicated by multiple chronic conditions (MCC). We examined how clinicians address TI in patients with T2D and MCC and evaluated association with patient, clinic, and neighborhood factors. Methods: Using electronic health records from two Midwestern U.S. health systems, we identified a retrospective six-year cohort of adults with T2D, MCC, and above-target A1C (>7% [53 mmol/mol] for age < 65; >8% [64 mmol/mol] for age ≥ 65). Time-to-event analyses assessed factors associated with clinicians addressing TI. The event was defined as maintaining TI ≤ 0.5 for two consecutive years indicating prescription changes occurred in more than 50% of opportunities following above-target A1C. Covariates included demographics, comorbidity, insulin use, number of diabetes drug classes, clinic rurality, and neighborhood social deprivation. Findings: A cohort of 18,003 adults met eligibility criteria (mean age 59; 78% White). Among patients with T2D and MCC, clinicians addressed TI in 17% of cases at two-year, 31% at four-year, and 38% at five-year follow-up. Clinicians were more likely to address TI with MCC in patients experiencing greater social deprivation and being prescribed with more diabetes drug classes at baseline (p <0.05). Despite addressing TI, patients aged 18–44 had the worst glycemic control (8.3% [67 mmol/mol]) and high prevalence of depression (82%). Conclusion: Therapeutic inertia varied by patient, clinic, and neighborhood factors, emphasizing the need for targeted, multifaceted interventions to reduce TI, especially among populations facing socioeconomic and mental health challenges.
      pubtype: Academic Journal
      doctype:
        research
        tables/charts
        Journal Article
      ougenre: Article
    language: English
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