Barriers and Facilitators to Telehealth in Underserved Rural Communities: A Mixed‐Methods Formative Evaluation.

Background: Telehealth can mitigate healthcare access barriers that contribute to persistent rural health inequities. However, a limited understanding of telehealth barriers and preferences hinders the implementation of effective programs in rural communities. We conducted a formative evaluation to...

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Publicado en:Health Expectations Vol. 29; no. 4; pp. 1 - 12
Autores principales: Terhune, Julia, Holtz, Bree, Ford, Sabrina, Mitchell, Katharine M., Hornbogen, Charlie, Hirko, Kelly A.
Formato: research tables/charts Journal Article
Publicado: Wiley-Blackwell Aug2026
Acceso en línea:Ver este registro en EBSCOhost
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      dt: Aug2026
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      place: Malden, Massachusetts
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        atl: Barriers and Facilitators to Telehealth in Underserved Rural Communities: A Mixed‐Methods Formative Evaluation.
      aug:
        au:
          Terhune, Julia
          Holtz, Bree
          Ford, Sabrina
          Mitchell, Katharine M.
          Hornbogen, Charlie
          Hirko, Kelly A.
        affil: Department of Advertising and Public Relations, College of Communication Arts & Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing Michigan,, USA
      sug:
        subj:
          Telehealth Psychosocial Factors
          Medically Underserved Area
          Rural Population
          Health Services Accessibility
          Implementation Science
          Funding Source
          Michigan
          Human
          Male
          Female
          Adult
          Middle Age
          Aged
          Multimethod Studies
          Semi-Structured Interview
          Summated Rating Scaling
          Thematic Analysis
          Descriptive Statistics
          Income
          Internet Access
          Patient Satisfaction
          Computer Literacy
          Communication
          Professional-Patient Relations
          Trust
          Comfort
          Transportation
          Adult: 19-44 years
          Middle Aged: 45-64 years
          Aged: 65+ years
          Male
          Female
      ab: Background: Telehealth can mitigate healthcare access barriers that contribute to persistent rural health inequities. However, a limited understanding of telehealth barriers and preferences hinders the implementation of effective programs in rural communities. We conducted a formative evaluation to identify barriers and facilitators to telehealth adoption in an underserved rural setting. Methods: We used a mixed‐methods design including surveys and in‐depth semi‐structured interviews with rural community stakeholders. The survey assessed telehealth utilisation, perceptions, technology access and barriers using Likert‐type scales. Survey data were analysed descriptively, and interview data were examined thematically across the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) constructs. Findings: Survey respondents (n = 59) were primarily female (73.2%), and White (73.2%), with a mean age of 61 years. Over half (51.8%) reported annual incomes below $20,000, and 18.6% lacked home internet access. While 59.3% had heard of telehealth, only 42.4% had used it. Among users, 61.9% reported satisfaction, and 71.4% agreed or strongly agreed that communication with providers was adequate. Key barriers included limited internet connectivity (72.8%), technology challenges (66.6%) and lack of knowledge about accessing telehealth (62.5%). Interview participants (n = 8) emphasised that trust and comfort with providers were central to acceptance and highlighted telehealth's convenience in reducing transportation barriers. Conclusion: In this study population, telehealth was generally acceptable, with trust and comfort with the provider driving acceptance. Barriers were primarily related to connectivity, infrastructure and digital literacy. Consistent with larger studies, these findings support investments in broadband access, digital literacy, technical support and building patient confidence in virtual care. Patient or Public Contribution: Members of the public were involved in the design, recruitment and dissemination phases of this study. We partnered with local community organisations serving rural populations to inform recruitment strategies and to distribute surveys to community members with lived experience of healthcare access barriers. Community stakeholders also participated directly in the research through survey completion and in‐depth interviews, providing critical insights into telehealth use, barriers and preferences. While the public was not involved in the initial study design or data analysis, their perspectives shaped the interpretation of findings, particularly regarding trust, technology use and access challenges. To support dissemination and ensure accessibility of results, we developed a one‐page summary of findings that was shared with participating community partner sites for distribution back to the communities involved.
      pubtype: Academic Journal
      doctype:
        research
        tables/charts
        Journal Article
      ougenre: Article
    language: English
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