First Line Managers' Experiences of Shaping Organisational and Relational Preconditions for Patient Safety in Swedish Intensive Care Units During the COVID‐19 Pandemic: A Qualitative Study.

Objectives: The COVID‐19 pandemic placed extraordinary demands on intensive care units (ICUs), posing significant challenges to patient safety and underscoring the critical role of healthcare managers. Although leadership has been widely studied during the pandemic, little is known about how first‐l...

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Publicado en:Journal of Nursing Management Vol. 2026; pp. 1 - 10
Autores principales: Berggren, Karin, Ekstedt, Mirjam, Lynga, Patrik, Sackey, Peter, Swedberg, Lena, Joelsson-Alm, Eva, Schandl, Anna
Formato: research tables/charts Journal Article
Publicado: Wiley-Blackwell 8/29/2026
Acceso en línea:Ver este registro en EBSCOhost
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      dt: 8/29/2026
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        atl: First Line Managers' Experiences of Shaping Organisational and Relational Preconditions for Patient Safety in Swedish Intensive Care Units During the COVID‐19 Pandemic: A Qualitative Study.
      aug:
        au:
          Berggren, Karin
          Ekstedt, Mirjam
          Lynga, Patrik
          Sackey, Peter
          Swedberg, Lena
          Joelsson-Alm, Eva
          Schandl, Anna
        affil: Department of Perioperative and Intensive Care,, Sodersjukhuset,, Stockholm, Sweden
      sug:
        subj:
          Nurse Managers Psychosocial Factors
          Nurse Attitudes Evaluation
          Patient Safety
          Intensive Care Units
          Critical Care Nursing
          COVID-19 Pandemic Psychosocial Factors
          Work Environment
          Interprofessional Relations
          Frontline Nurses Psychosocial Factors
          Support, Psychosocial
          Human
          Male
          Female
          Adult
          Middle Age
          Funding Source
          Sweden
          Qualitative Studies
          Nursing Role
          Semi-Structured Interview
          Thematic Analysis
          Health Resource Allocation
          Workload
          Psychological Well-Being
          Adaptation, Occupational
          Trust
          Collaboration
          Learning
          Multidisciplinary Care Team
          Ethics, Nursing
          Descriptive Research
          Interview Guides
          Personnel Staffing and Scheduling
          Decision Making
          Leadership
          Descriptive Statistics
          Adult: 19-44 years
          Middle Aged: 45-64 years
          Male
          Female
      ab: Objectives: The COVID‐19 pandemic placed extraordinary demands on intensive care units (ICUs), posing significant challenges to patient safety and underscoring the critical role of healthcare managers. Although leadership has been widely studied during the pandemic, little is known about how first‐line ICU managers experienced their work supporting staff and shaping organisational and relational preconditions for patient safety. This qualitative study aimed to address this gap by exploring first‐line ICU managers' descriptions of their work during the pandemic. Methods: Individual interviews were conducted with 15 first‐line managers (nurses and physicians) who had operational responsibility for ICU staff, including nurses, physicians and assistant nurses, during the first wave of the COVID‐19 pandemic (1 March–30 September 2020). Participants were recruited from five ICUs across three Swedish hospitals. Data were analysed using thematic analysis. Results: The first‐line managers' experiences were described in three themes: Balancing resources, workload and the well‐being of ICU staff; fostering a responsive and adaptive work environment; and building trust and collaboration. According to the first‐line managers, they experienced conflicts between maintaining efficiency and ensuring preconditions for patient safety, often struggling to balance care with limited resources. They explained how flexibility, continuous learning and mutual trust contributed to an adaptable healthcare environment that enabled the identification of safety risks. Conclusions: This study highlights the unique role of first‐line managers in shaping organisational preconditions for patient safety in ICUs during the COVID‐19 pandemic. Their leadership was enacted in real time, embedded in clinical care, shaped by ethical complexity, resource constraints and the need to support staff well‐being. The findings reveal how adaptive leadership, characterised by flexibility, continuous learning and trust, enabled managers to respond effectively to rapidly changing conditions and maintain patient safety under pressure. Implications for Nursing Management: The results underscore the importance of equipping first‐line managers with leadership competencies that promote adaptability, trust‐building, and continuous learning, especially in high‐pressure environments such as ICUs. By demonstrating how managers balanced staff well‐being, resource constraints, and preconditions for patient safety, this study offers practical strategies to strengthen resilience in healthcare teams. These insights can inform leadership development programmes, organisational policies and system‐level reforms aimed at enhancing patient safety and preparedness for future healthcare crises.
      pubtype: Academic Journal
      doctype:
        research
        tables/charts
        Journal Article
      ougenre: Article
    language: English
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