Mechanism of the Aerobic Oxidation of Alcohols by Palladium Complexes of N-Heterocyclic Carbenes.

Quantum mechanics (B3LYP density functional theory) combined with solvation (Poisson-Boltzmann polarizable continuum solvent model) was used to investigate six mechanisms for the aerobic oxidation of alcohols catalyzed by (NHC)Pd(carboxylate)(HO) complexes (NHC = 1,3-bis(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)imidaz...

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Publicado en:Journal of the American Chemical Society Vol. 128; no. 30; pp. 9651 - 9661
Autores principales: Nielsen, Robert J., Goddard III, William A.
Formato: Artículo
Publicado: American Chemical Society 8/2/2006
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Acceso en línea:Ver este registro en EBSCOhost
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        10.1021/ja060915z
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        atl: Mechanism of the Aerobic Oxidation of Alcohols by Palladium Complexes of N-Heterocyclic Carbenes.
      aug:
        au:
          Nielsen, Robert J.
          Goddard III, William A.
        affil: Materials and Process Simulation Center, Beckman Institute (139-74), Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125
      su:
        Quantum theory
        Density functionals
        Solvation
        Oxidation
        Alcohols (Chemical class)
        Alkoxides
        Isotope shift
        Acetic acid
        Palladium
        Mathematical complexes
      sug:
        subj:
          Quantum theory
          Density functionals
          Solvation
          Oxidation
          Alcohols (Chemical class)
          Alkoxides
          Isotope shift
          Acetic acid
          Palladium
          Mathematical complexes
      ab: Quantum mechanics (B3LYP density functional theory) combined with solvation (Poisson-Boltzmann polarizable continuum solvent model) was used to investigate six mechanisms for the aerobic oxidation of alcohols catalyzed by (NHC)Pd(carboxylate)(HO) complexes (NHC = 1,3-bis(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)imidazol-2-ylidene). Of these, we find that ‘reductive β-hydride elimination’, in which the β-hydrogen of a palladium-bound alkoxide is transferred directly to the free oxygen of the bound carboxylate, provides the lowest-energy route and explains the published kinetic isotope effect, activation enthalpy, reaction orders, and dependence of rate on carboxylate pK. The traditional β-hydride elimination mechanism cannot be responsible for the experimentally observed kinetic parameters, which we find could result from the subsequent reductive elimination of acetic acid, which yields a slightly higher calculated activation barrier. Reversible β-hydride elimination may provide a mechanism for the racemization of chiral alcohols, which would undermine attempts at an enantioselective oxidation. Competition among these pathways can be influenced by changing the electronic properties of the carboxylate and substrate.
      pubtype: Academic Journal
      doctype: Article
      src: R
    language: English
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