NIHILIZMAS IR PRASMĖS PROBLEMA: E. LEVINAS.
In the article, attempt is made to reveal the relation between Emmanuel Levinas' thinking and nihilism. Levinas belongs to the epoch, which, from the Western perspective, can be called nihilistic par excellence. What is the relation of Levinas' thought to nihilism then? Can the great challenge of Le...
| Publicado en: | Problems / Problemos Vol. 71; pp. 141 - 148 |
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| Formato: | Artículo |
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Vilnius University
2007
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| Acceso en línea: | Ver este registro en EBSCOhost |
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LEVINAS. aug: au: Šerpytytė, Rita affil: Vilniaus universiteto, Religijos studijų ir tyrimų centras, Universiteto g. 9/1, LT-01513 Vilnius su: Nihilism (Philosophy) Lévinas, Emmanuel, 1906-1995 Philosophy Philosophers Ontology Self-perception Political attitudes sug: subj: Nihilism (Philosophy) Lévinas, Emmanuel, 1906-1995 Philosophy Philosophers Ontology Self-perception Political attitudes keyword: Überwindung Being différance nihilism Western thought Überwindung Būtis différance nihilizmas Vakarų mąstymas ab: In the article, attempt is made to reveal the relation between Emmanuel Levinas' thinking and nihilism. Levinas belongs to the epoch, which, from the Western perspective, can be called nihilistic par excellence. What is the relation of Levinas' thought to nihilism then? Can the great challenge of Levinas to Western philosophy be interpreted as a challenge to (its) nihilism? Levinas, like Heidegger, does not regard nihilism as an "event" that concerns just the spirit -- morality, religion, politics and so on -- of a certain epoch, but assigns it to the thought itself as the thought of Being. Thus the topos of nihilism for Levinas is the very same "sphere" of spirit and Being identified already by the Western thought. Is it possible, however, to say that Levinas' attitude to the phenomenon of nihilism coincides with the actual self-consciousness of nihilism in Western philosophy? Although in Western philosophy we may notice different models of nihilism, the understanding of nihilism as the theory of Überwindung (transgression, overcoming) is highly important for the Western thought, its identity, and its self-consciousness. In Levinas' point of view, the Western thought, based on the nihilistic "logic", by itself is the thinking from the perspective of totality. The requirement of overcoming nihilism is based on the nihilistic "logic" as well. Levinas' philosophy requires not the overcoming of nihilism, but "escaping" from one's own thinking based on such logic. Thinking "based on" the "logic" of nihilism is the totalizing thinking of Being. Therefore, escaping for Levinas means the "escaping" from the "strangling noose of Being" and the "desolation" of the level of Being. Does Levinas succeed in accomplishing what Western metaphysics has never accomplished, i.e. in performing the movement of overcoming and transgression of nihilism? Levinas applies the same conceptions of metaphysics and trans-cendent that gives sense to the nihilistic experience of Western metaphysics, although he maintains them against the nihilistic "logic" of Western thinking itself. The break (demolition) of totality appears for Levinas not in the plane of pure thinking. The meaning cannot be "regained" as something that, according to nihilistic "self-consciousness" of Western ontology, was lost. Otherwise than Being, it can be detected as the Other. Therefore Levinasian thinking of the Other as other is not the accomplishment of nihilistic Überwindung: it is a thinking that establishes itself as escaping from the requirement controlled by the nostalgia of the same One. Straipsnyje svarstoma Emmanuelio Levino mąstymo įrašymo į nihilizmo kontekstą galimybė. Levinas priklauso tai epochai, kuri, žvelgiant iš vakarietiškos perspektyvos, gali būti įvardyta nihilistine „par excellence". Tad koks yra Levino mąstymo santykis su nihilizmu? Ar didysis Levino iššūkis Vakarų filosofijai nėra iššūkis prieš jos nihilizmą? Levinui, kaip ir Heideggeriui, nihilizmas yra „įvykis", paliečiantis ne tik tam tikros epochos dvasią -- moralę, religiją, politiką ir t. t., bet ir priskirtinas pačiam mąstymui kaip būties mąstymui. Tad nihilizmo „topos" Levinui yra ta pati jau Vakarų mąstymo identifikuota dvasios ir būties „sfera". Bet ar galima sakyti, kad Levino požiūris į nihilizmo fenomeną yra sutampantis su pačios Vakarų filosofijos nihilizmo savimone? Nors Vakarų filosofijoje įmanu įžvelgti ne vieną nihilizmo modelį, Vakarų mąstymui, pačiai jo tapatybei bei jos savivokai ypač svarbus yra nihilizmas, suprantamas kaip Überwindung (peržengimo, įveikos) teorija. Straipsnyje atskleidžiama, kad Levino filosofija reikalauja ne įveikti nihilizmą, o „pabėgti" iš paties tokia „logika" grindžiamo mąstymo. Mąstymas, kurį „grindžia" nihilizmo „logika", yra totalizuojantis būties mąstymas. Tad Levinui pabėgimas reiškia „pabėgimą" „iš smaugiančios būties kilpos", būties plotmės „apleidimą". Ar Levinui pavyksta įvykdyti tai, ko nėra pavykę visai Vakarų metafizikai -- atlikti (nihilizmo) įveikos, peržengimo judesį? Levinas vartoja tas pačias Vakarų metafizikos nihilistinę patirtį įprasminančias meta-fizikos, transcendento sąvokas, bet nukreipia jas prieš pačią nihilistinę Vakarų mąstymo „logiką". Totalybės nuotrūkis (suardymas) Levinui įvyksta ne grynojo mąstymo plotmėje. Prasmė nėra „atgaunama" kaip tai, ką Vakarų ontologijos nihilistinė „savimonė" laikė esant prarasta. Ji aptinkama kitaip nei būtis -- kaip Kitas. Tad leviniškasis Kito kaip kito mąstymas nėra įvykęs nihilizmo Überwindung: tai mąstymas, kuris steigiasi kaip pabėgimas iš paties tokio Vienio nostalgijos valdomo reikalavimo. pubtype: Academic Journal doctype: Article src: R language: Lithuanian refInfo: copyright: @attributes: flag: Y custom: Copyright of Problems / Problemos is the property of Vilnius University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. item: Problems / Problemos holder: Vilnius University dt: @attributes: year: 2007 holdings: @attributes: islocal: N |
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