FAIDRAS: LOGOGRAFIJOS SPINDESYS IR SKURDAS.

Two relatively separate parts could be distinguished in Plato's dialogue "Phaidros" -- the first one, encompassing three speeches on love and the second one, discussing the art (τεΧvη) of eloquence. The paper deals with the second part of the dialogue in which Plato tries to cope with the problems o...

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Publicado en:Problems / Problemos Vol. 72; pp. 178 - 201
Autor principal: Jankauskas, Skirmantas
Formato: Artículo
Publicado: Vilnius University 2007
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Acceso en línea:Ver este registro en EBSCOhost
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      dt: 2007
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        10.15388/Problemos.2007.0.2030
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        atl: FAIDRAS: LOGOGRAFIJOS SPINDESYS IR SKURDAS.
      aug:
        au: Jankauskas, Skirmantas
        affil:
          Vilniaus universiteto Filosofijos katedra, Universiteto g. 9/1, LT-2057 Vilnius
          Vilniaus pedagoginio universiteto Filosofijos katedra, Ševčenkos g. 31, LT-03111 Vilnius
      su:
        Plato, 428-347 B.C.
        Dialogue
        Eloquence
        Speeches, addresses, etc.
        Oratory
        Philosophy
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          Plato, 428-347 B.C.
          Dialogue
          Eloquence
          Speeches, addresses, etc.
          Oratory
          Philosophy
      keyword:
        dialectics
        eloquence
        philosophizing
        theoretical thinking
        truth
        writing
        dialektika
        filosofavimas
        iškalbos menas
        raštas
        teorinis mąstymas
        tiesa
      ab:
        Two relatively separate parts could be distinguished in Plato's dialogue "Phaidros" -- the first one, encompassing three speeches on love and the second one, discussing the art (τεΧvη) of eloquence. The paper deals with the second part of the dialogue in which Plato tries to cope with the problems of talking and writing. The problems are prompted not only by the very structure of the dialogue that provokes the necessity to reflect the advantages and shortcomings of the written speeches. Philosophizing in general develops as an activity that implements itself in writing. Therefore, the problem of the relation between philosophizing and writing is bound to arise sooner or later. It is demonstrated here that it is the sophists who achieved most in relating philosophizing and writing. While creating their rhetoric, they isolate the art of eloquence. Plato exploits the fruits of sophists and binds the art of eloquence to the values that constitute philosophizing. The privatization of the art of eloquence for the needs of philosophy results in dialectical specification of theoretical thinking. Dialectical thinking realises itself in writing, which discloses the autonomy of theoretical thinking. The autonomy, in its turn, reveals the constructive possibilities of dialectical thinking and the impossibility to convey the ethical content of philosophizing into writing. Thus, writing forces Plato to deal with a certain ambiguity: he condemns writing for its deafness to live philosophizing, yet he can not avoid using it as a tool of philosophizing. That is why Plato refers to writing as having the effect of a drug.
        Platono dialoge „Faidras" galima išskirti dvi santykiškai autonomiškas dalis -- tris kalbas apie meilę, apimančią pirmąją, ir iškalbos meną, aptariančią antrąją. Straipsnyje nagrinėjama antroji dialogo dalis, kurioje Platonas mėgina pasiaiškinti kalbėjimo ir rašymo problemas. Tos problemos kyla ne vien dėl pačia dialogo struktūra provokuojamo poreikio pagrįsti jame užrašytų kalbų pranašumus ir trūkumus. Plačiau žvelgiant, filosofavimas skleidžiasi kaip rašte realizuojama veikla, taigi anksčiau ar vėliau turi iškilti filosofavimo ir rašymo santykio problema. Straipsnyje parodoma, kad bene daugiausia susiejant filosofavimą ir rašymą nuveikia sofistai, kurie, kurdami savąją retoriką, iš dalies autonomizuoja iškalbos meną (τεΧvη). Platonas naudojasi sofistikos vaisiais ir pajungia tą meną filosofiją apibrėžiančioms vertybėms. Nusavinant iškalbos meną filosofijos reikmėms, jis virsta dialektiškai specifikuotu teorinio mąstymo įnagiu. Dialektinis mąstymas realizuojasi rašte, kuris apnuogina to mąstymo autonomiškumą. Mąstymo autonomiškumas atskleidžia jo konstruktyvumo galimybes, tačiau kartu ir ribotumą asimiliuojant (įkeliant į raštą) filosofijai rūpimus etiškuosius turinius. Raštas Platonui kelia dviprasmiškus jausmus: jis smerkia raštą dėl jo kurtumo gyvam filosofavimui, tačiau jau nebegali juo nesinaudoti kaip filosofavimo įrankiu. Todėl raštą jis ir vadina narkotiku.
      pubtype: Academic Journal
      doctype: Article
      src: R
    language: Lithuanian
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