On the margins of international science and national discourse: national identity narratives in Romanian race anthropology.

This article examines the local reception and manipulation of ideas at the edge of an international cultural network. Poorly institutionalised interwar Romanian race anthropology was a weak voice in both the formulation of domestic nationalist discourse and in internationally centralised scientific...

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Publicado en:European Review of History Vol. 16; no. 1; pp. 101 - 124
Autor principal: McMahon, Richard
Formato: Artículo
Publicado: Taylor & Francis Ltd Feb2009
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Acceso en línea:Ver este registro en EBSCOhost
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        atl: On the margins of international science and national discourse: national identity narratives in Romanian race anthropology.
      aug:
        au: McMahon, Richard
        affil: European University Institute
      su:
        Anthropology
        Social sciences
        Methodology
        Discourse analysis
        Physical anthropology
        Demographic characteristics
        Patriotism
        International relations
        Europe
      sug:
        subj:
          Europe
          Anthropology
          Social sciences
          Methodology
          Discourse analysis
          Physical anthropology
          Demographic characteristics
          Patriotism
          International relations
      keyword:
        core-periphery
        history of science
        interwar Romania
        national identity
        race anthropology
      ab: This article examines the local reception and manipulation of ideas at the edge of an international cultural network. Poorly institutionalised interwar Romanian race anthropology was a weak voice in both the formulation of domestic nationalist discourse and in internationally centralised scientific race classification. The author discusses how its scientific methodologies, models, institutional links and citation practices, and the national identity and origin narratives it proposed, reveal an imaginative, but never entirely satisfactory negotiation between interacting cultural worlds of local nationalist tradition and international science, and powerful competing traditions within both. While nineteenth-century French influence helped entrench ideas of national racial synthesis deeply in Romanian nationalist tradition, fin-de-siecle German influence promoted a hypernationalist concentration on ultra-native Dacian ancestors. Romanian race scientists creatively mixed French-style syntheses, sometimes even importing France's ethnic Celts, with the ethno-racial purity obsession and Nordic supremacism of the new, scientifically prestigious interwar German raciology. The latter was particularly strong in the newly acquired, formerly Hapsburg province of Transylvania, which had stronger traditional German links, including in scientific training. Attempts to synthesise these two traditions were varied and inventive, often proposing racial class differences in which peasants could be a romantic reservoir of prolific national biology, but also a natural underclass to dynamic urban Nordics. However, the major incompatibilities between German and Romanian nationalist traditions, including their different ethnic Others, inhibited the emergence of a single dominant nationalist narrative in raciology. Romanian race scientists instead achieved this in blood-group anthropology, in close alliance with other nationalist scholarly traditions like ethnography. Survey results allowed them to claim, in harmony with Romanian nationalist traditions of Latin descent, that Hungarian and Russian national rivals were inferior Asiatics and that the contested territory of Transylvania was Romania's biodynamic core. Even this narrative remained at odds with Romanian hyper-nationalist traditions of Dacian descent, however.
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      src: R
    language: English
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