Cerebral infection caused by Cryptococcus gattii: a case report and antifungal susceptibility testing.

We report a clinical case of cerebral infection caused by Cryptococcus gattii in a 10 year-old boy. Clinical and laboratory exams did not demonstrate any apparent immunosuppressed state (HIV antibody and the tuberculin skin tests, both negative, were performed; blood cells count and immunoglobulin l...

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Publicado en:Revista Iberoamericana de Micologia Vol. 25; no. 4; pp. 242 - 246
Autores principales: Soares, Betânia Maria, Santos, Daniel Assis, Kohler, Lidiane Meire, César, Giovana da Costa, de Carvalho, Inácio Roberto, Martins, Marilena dos Anjos, Cisalpino, Patrícia Silva
Formato: Case Study
Publicado: Elsevier B.V. dic2008
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Acceso en línea:Ver este registro en EBSCOhost
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        10.1016/S1130-1406(08)70057-3
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        atl: Cerebral infection caused by Cryptococcus gattii: a case report and antifungal susceptibility testing.
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        au:
          Soares, Betânia Maria
          Santos, Daniel Assis
          Kohler, Lidiane Meire
          César, Giovana da Costa
          de Carvalho, Inácio Roberto
          Martins, Marilena dos Anjos
          Cisalpino, Patrícia Silva
        affil:
          Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais
          Centro Geral de Pediatria, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais
          Seção de Micologia, Instituto Adolfo Lutz, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
      su:
        Infection treatment
        Cryptococcus
        Antifungal agents
        Drug synergism
      sug:
        subj:
          Infection treatment
          Cryptococcus
          Antifungal agents
          Drug synergism
      keyword:
        Amphotericin B
        Antifungal susceptibility testing
        Antifungal therapy
        Cryptococcus gattii
        Anfotericina B
        Cryptococcus gattii
        Sensibilidad antifúngica
        Terapia antifúngica
      ab:
        We report a clinical case of cerebral infection caused by Cryptococcus gattii in a 10 year-old boy. Clinical and laboratory exams did not demonstrate any apparent immunosuppressed state (HIV antibody and the tuberculin skin tests, both negative, were performed; blood cells count and immunoglobulin levels were within normality). Treatment was begun with amphotericin B-deoxycholate but renal toxicity signs led to its substitution by fluconazole. The infection proceeded even after treatment with fluconazole. In vitro determination of minimum inhibitory concentration values were high for itraconazole (≥ 2 µg/ml), fluconazole and 5-flucytosine (≥ 64 µg/ml) and low for amphotericin B (1.0 µg/ml). Renal toxicity signs, induced by amphotericin B, progression of infection after fluconazole, and likely in vivo resistance to this triazole made this case difficult to treat. In vitro drug interaction tests confirmed probable synergism between amphotericin B and 5-flucytosine (frational inhibitory concentration - FIC = 0.375). In contrast, a probable additive effect was observed for amphotericin B and fluconazole (FIC = 0.75). Initial treatment of persistent high intracranial pressure was insufficient and neurological surgery was necessary. Antifungal susceptibility tests and Cryptococcus species identification were important in selecting appropriate antifungal therapy.
        Relatamos un caso clínico de infección cerebral provocada por Cryptococcus gattii en un niño de 10 años. Los exámenes clínicos y de laboratorio no demostraban ningún estado aparente de inmunosupresión (anticuerpos VIH y prueba de tuberculina negativos, recuento sanguíneo y niveles de inmunoglobulinas dentro de la normalidad). El tratamiento comenzó con anfotericina B desoxicolato, pero la toxicidad renal condujo a su sustitución por fluconazol. La infección persistió después del tratamiento con fluconazol. La determinación in vitro de los valores de la concentración inhibitoria mínima mostraron valores altos para el itraconazol (≥ 2 µg/ml), el fluconazol y la 5-fluorocitosina (≥ 64 µg/ml), y bajos para la anfotericina B (1 µg/ml). Los signos de intoxicación renal inducidos por la anfotericina B, el avance de la infección después del tratamiento con fluconazol y probablemente la resistencia in vivo a este triazol hacen que éste sea un caso difícil de tratar. Las pruebas de interacción in vitro entre las drogas confirman un probable sinergismo entre la anfotericina B y la 5-fluorocitosina (concentración inhibitoria fraccionaria - CIF = 0,375). Sin embargo, se ha observado un probable efecto aditivo para la anfotericina B y fluconazol (CIF = 0,75). El tratamiento inicial de la alta presión intracraneal persistente fue insuficiente y fue necesaria cirugía neurológica. Las pruebas de sensibilidad antifúngica y de identificación de las especies de Cryptococcus fueron importantes en la selección de la terapia antifúngica apropiada.
      pubtype: Academic Journal
      doctype: Case Study
      src: R
    language: English
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