KRITONAS: TEISINGUMAS KAIP FILOSOFINĖ PROBLEMA.
In an early Plato's dialogue, Crito, a conversation between Socrates and his close friend Crito is described. The court of Athens -- a phenomenon of Greek democracy -- had just sent Socrates to death. Nevertheless, the decision of the court, realized in a formally correct procedure, is emotionally u...
| Published in: | Problems / Problemos Vol. 77; pp. 105 - 122 |
|---|---|
| Main Author: | |
| Format: | Article |
| Published: |
Vilnius University
2010
|
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | View this record in EBSCOhost |
| fields | @attributes: recordID: 1 pdfLink: plink: https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=hlh&AN=49804531&site=ehost-live header: @attributes: shortDbName: hlh uiTerm: 49804531 longDbName: Humanities International Complete uiTag: AN controlInfo: bkinfo: jinfo: jid: 13921126 3D4C jtl: Problems / Problemos issn: 13921126 maglogo: N pubinfo: dt: 2010 vid: 77 pid: 16037 pub: Vilnius University artinfo: ui: 49804531 10.15388/Problemos.2010.0.1897 ppf: 105 ppct: 17 formats: fmt: @attributes: type: P size: 734KB tig: atl: KRITONAS: TEISINGUMAS KAIP FILOSOFINĖ PROBLEMA. aug: au: Jankauskas, Skirmantas affil: Vilniaus universiteto Filosofijos katedra, Universiteto g. 9/1, LT-01513 Vilnius su: Democracy Death Plato, 428-347 B.C. Socrates, ca. 469-399 B.C. Greece sug: subj: Greece Democracy Death Plato, 428-347 B.C. Socrates, ca. 469-399 B.C. keyword: body democracy justice soul the many the one virtue daugelis demokratija dorybė kūnas siela teisingumas vienas ab: In an early Plato's dialogue, Crito, a conversation between Socrates and his close friend Crito is described. The court of Athens -- a phenomenon of Greek democracy -- had just sent Socrates to death. Nevertheless, the decision of the court, realized in a formally correct procedure, is emotionally unacceptable for both his friends and followers. Socrates does not feel guilty, either, and finds strong arguments in his favour. The conflict between Socrates and the Greek polis reveals the duality of justice and makes justice problematic. An attempt is made to reconstruct the formal and concrete premises of two types of justice. One type of justice is related to daily life and thinking and the other to the ethic kind of life and thinking. It is demonstrated that each sphere of activity presupposes a different subject of activity, which results in a different kind of justice. Man is a measure of all things in the sphere of daily life and thinking. Consequently, man is a measure of justice as well. That is why justice in this sphere is relative and could be established exclusively by an arbitrary decision. In the sphere of ethical life and thinking, the value of good is a measure of man. Therefore, absolute justice is possible in this sphere: anyone in any circumstances could remain virtuous and honest. Socrates pursues the attitude of absolute justice: "we must not do wrong at all". Thus, he obeys the decision of the Greek court and saves the soul, i. e. the subject of absolute justice. The present paper concludes with an inference about the meaning of Socrates' choice. Viename iš ankstyvųjų Platono dialogų -- „Kritone" perteikiamas pasmerkto myriop Sokrato ir jo artimo bičiulio Kritono pokalbis. Nors Sokrato likimą lėmė graikiškosios demokratijos reiškinys -- formaliai korektiškai realizuota teismo procedūra, tačiau jos rezultatas filosofo bičiuliams ir sekėjams visiškai nepriimtinas emociškai. Pats Sokratas ne tik nesijaučia esąs neteisus, bet ir randa argumentų savo elgesiui pateisinti. Sokrato ir polio konfliktas atskleidžia esant du teisingumus ir suproblemina patį teisingumą. Straipsnyje mėginama rekonstruoti abiejų teisingumų turiningąsias ir formaliąsias prielaidas. Vienas iš teisingumų siejamas su kasdienio gyvenimo bei mąstymo kontūru, kitas -- su etinio gyvenimo bei mąstymo sfera. Parodoma, kad kiekviena veiklos sfera numato skirtingus veiklos subjektus, o jų prigimties skirtumai lemia savitas teisingumo sampratas. Kasdienio gyvenimo ir mąstymo srityje anonimiškas žmogus yra visų (socialinės prigimties) daiktų -- taigi ir teisingumo -- matas. Todėl čia teisingumas yra neišvengiamai reliatyvus ir gali būti nustatomas tik arbitraliu sprendimu. Etinės elgsenos ir mąstymo sferoje gėrio vertybė yra paties žmogaus matas. Todėl šioje sferoje galimas absoliutus teisingumas: kiekvienam bet kuriomis aplinkybėmis duota būti doram ir sąžiningam. Sokratas vadovaujasi etinės sferos absoliutaus teisingumo nuostata, skelbiančia, jog „apskritai negalima neteisingai elgtis", paklūsta emociškai nepriimtinam polio teismo sprendimui ir gelbsti etinio teisingumo subjektą -- sielą. Straipsnį vainikuoja išvada apie tokio pasirinkimo prasmę. pubtype: Academic Journal doctype: Article src: R language: Lithuanian refInfo: copyright: @attributes: flag: Y custom: Copyright of Problems / Problemos is the property of Vilnius University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. item: Problems / Problemos holder: Vilnius University dt: @attributes: year: 2010 holdings: @attributes: islocal: N |
|---|