A mathematical model of the influence of salivary urea on the pH of fasted dental plaque and on the changes occurring during a cariogenic challenge.

Urea diffusing from saliva into dental plaque is converted to ammonia and carbon dioxide by bacterial ureases. The influence of normal salivary urea levels on the pH of fasted plaque and on the depth and duration of a Stephan curve is uncertain. A numerical model which simulates a cariogenic challen...

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Publicado en:Caries Research Vol. 32; no. 1; pp. 70 - 75
Autores principales: Dibdin, G. H., Dawes, C.
Formato: research Journal Article
Publicado: Karger AG Jan/Feb1998
Acceso en línea:Ver este registro en EBSCOhost
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      dt: Jan/Feb1998
      vid: 32
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      pub: Karger AG
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        10.1159/000016432
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        atl: A mathematical model of the influence of salivary urea on the pH of fasted dental plaque and on the changes occurring during a cariogenic challenge.
      aug:
        au:
          Dibdin, G. H.
          Dawes, C.
        affil: MRC Dental Group, The Dental School, Bristol, UK
      sug:
        subj:
          Dietary Sucrose Pharmacodynamics
          Dental Caries Physiopathology
          Saliva Metabolism
          Cariogenic Agents Pharmacodynamics
          Urea Metabolism
          Models, Biological
          Dental Plaque Physiopathology
          Forecasting
          Urease Metabolism
          Dietary Sucrose Administration and Dosage
          Diffusion
          Hydrogen-Ion Concentration
          Saliva Physiology
          Cariogenic Agents Administration and Dosage
          Bacteria
          Electrochemistry
          Human
          Phosphates Pharmacodynamics
          Carbonates Pharmacodynamics
          Buffers
          Fasting
          Carbon Dioxide Metabolism
          Dental Plaque Metabolism
          Chewing Gum
          Ammonia Pharmacodynamics
          Ammonia Metabolism
          Dental Deposits Metabolism
          Ions
          Protons
          Dental Deposits Physiopathology
          Lactates Pharmacodynamics
          Dental Caries Metabolism
          Acids Metabolism
          Acetic Acid Pharmacodynamics
          Validation Studies
          Comparative Studies
          Evaluation Research
          Multicenter Studies
      ab: Urea diffusing from saliva into dental plaque is converted to ammonia and carbon dioxide by bacterial ureases. The influence of normal salivary urea levels on the pH of fasted plaque and on the depth and duration of a Stephan curve is uncertain. A numerical model which simulates a cariogenic challenge (a 10% sucrose rinse alone or one followed by use of chewing-gum with or without sugar) was modified to include salivary urea levels from 0 to 30 mmol/l. It incorporated: site-dependent exchange between bulk saliva and plaque surfaces via a salivary film; sugar and urea diffusion into plaque; pH-dependent rates of acid formation and urea breakdown; diffusion and dissociation of end-products and other buffers (acetate, lactate, phosphate, ammonia and carbonate); diffusion of protons and other ions; equilibration with fixed and mobile buffers; and charge-coupling between ionic flows. The Km (2.12 mmol/l) and Vmax (0.11 micromol urea/min/mg dry weight) values for urease activity and the pH dependence of Vmax were taken from the literature. From the results, it is predicted that urea concentrations normally present in saliva (3-5 mmol/l) will increase the pH at the base of a 0.5-mm-thick fasted plaque by up to 1 pH unit, and raise the pH minimum after a sucrose rinse or sugar-containing chewing-gum by at least half a pH unit. The results suggest that plaque cariogenicity may be inversely related to salivary urea concentrations, not only when the latter are elevated because of disease, but even when they are in the normal range.
      pubtype: Academic Journal
      doctype:
        research
        Journal Article
      ougenre: Article
    language: English
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