Extraversion and ESP performance: a meta-analysis and a new confirmation.
We report a meta-analysis of research on the relationship between performance in extrasensory perception (ESP) tasks and the psychological trait extraversion. The meta-analysis comprises 60 independent studies, 17 independent investigators, and 2,963 subjects. The overall weighted mean correlation...
| Publicado en: | Journal of Parapsychology Vol. 62; no. 3; pp. 255 - 277 |
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| Autores principales: | , , |
| Formato: | Artículo |
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Rhine Research Center
September 1998
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| Acceso en línea: | Ver este registro en EBSCOhost |
| fields | @attributes: recordID: 1 pdfLink: plink: https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=ssf&AN=511076829&site=ehost-live header: @attributes: shortDbName: ssf uiTerm: 511076829 longDbName: Social Sciences Full Text (H.W. Wilson) uiTag: AN controlInfo: bkinfo: jinfo: jid: 00223387 PAY jtl: Journal of Parapsychology issn: 00223387 maglogo: N pubinfo: dt: September 1998 vid: 62 iid: 3 pid: 533 pub: Rhine Research Center artinfo: ui: 511076829 ppf: 255 ppct: 22 formats: fmt: @attributes: type: T tig: atl: Extraversion and ESP performance: a meta-analysis and a new confirmation. aug: au: Honorton, Charles Ferrari, Diane C. Bem, Daryl J. su: Extrasensory perception Extraversion Introversion sug: subj: Extrasensory perception Extraversion Introversion ab: We report a meta-analysis of research on the relationship between performance in extrasensory perception (ESP) tasks and the psychological trait extraversion. The meta-analysis comprises 60 independent studies, 17 independent investigators, and 2,963 subjects. The overall weighted mean correlation is small (r = .09), significant (z = 4.63, p = .000004), and nonhomogeneous. For forced-choice ESP studies (N = 45), the ESP/extraversion relationship appears to be an artifact of subjects' knowledge of their ESP performance upon their responses to the extraversion measure: evidence for the relationship is limited to studies where subjects completed the ESP task prior to extraversion assessment (N = 18 studies, r = .17, z = 3.51); no evidence for an ESP/extraversion relationship exists in studies where extraversion was assessed before the ESP task (N = 16 studies, r = -.02, z =-0.78). The two correlations differ significantly (z = 3.58, p = .00045). For free-response studies, a significant ESP/extraversion relationship exists that is free of this problem: extraversion testing preceded the ESP task in 11 of the 14 free-response studies (r = .21, z = 4.57, p = .000005). The ESP/extraversion relationship is both significant (r = .20, z = 4.46, p = .0000083) and homogeneous in the subset of free-response studies involving individual testing (N = 12 studies). The effect is homogeneous across investigators and extraversion scales. We also report a new confirmation of the ESP/extraversion relationship using the Extraversion/Introversion Scale of the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator. The effect size (r = .18, t = 2.67, 219 df; p = .008) is very dose to the meta-analytic estimate for free-response studies (r = .20) and is homogeneous across the eight experimenters. While the relationship between extraversion and ESP in the forced-choice studies is probably artifactual, we conclude that there is a significant ESP/extraversion relationship in the free-response studies, that the relationship is consistent across investigators and scales, and that meta-analysis of parapsychological research domains has predictive validity. Reprinted by permission of the publisher. pubtype: Academic Journal doctype: Article src: R language: English refInfo: copyright: @attributes: flag: N holdings: @attributes: islocal: N |
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