Lung Cancer and Cardiovascular Disease Mortality Associated with Ambient Air Pollution and Cigarette Smoke: Shape of the Exposure-Response Relationships.

Background: Lung cancer and cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality risks increase with smoking, secondhand smoke (SHS), and exposure to fine particulate matter < 2.5 μm in diameter (PM2.5) from ambient air pollution. Recent research indicates that the exposure-response relationship for CVD is nonlin...

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Publicado en:Environmental Health Perspectives Vol. 119; no. 11; pp. 1616 - 1622
Autores principales: Pope III, C. Arden, Burnett, Richard T., Turner, Michelle C., Cohen, Aaron, Krewski, Daniel, Jerrett, Michael, Gapstur, Susan M., Thun, Michael J.
Formato: research tables/charts Journal Article
Publicado: National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences 11/1/2011
Acceso en línea:Ver este registro en EBSCOhost
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      dt: 11/1/2011
      vid: 119
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      pub: National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences
      place: Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
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        atl: Lung Cancer and Cardiovascular Disease Mortality Associated with Ambient Air Pollution and Cigarette Smoke: Shape of the Exposure-Response Relationships.
      aug:
        au:
          Pope III, C. Arden
          Burnett, Richard T.
          Turner, Michelle C.
          Cohen, Aaron
          Krewski, Daniel
          Jerrett, Michael
          Gapstur, Susan M.
          Thun, Michael J.
        affil: Economics Department, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, USA
      sug:
        subj:
          Lung Neoplasms Mortality
          Particulate Matter Adverse Effects
          Cardiovascular Diseases Mortality
          Smoking Complications
          Passive Smoking Adverse Effects
          Dose-Response Relationship
          Human
          Prospective Studies
          Relative Risk
          Air Pollution Adverse Effects
          Secondary Analysis
          Male
          Female
          United States
          Adult
          Middle Age
          Aged
          Aged, 80 and Over
          Questionnaires
          Cause of Death
          International Classification of Diseases
          Cox Proportional Hazards Model
          Descriptive Statistics
          Data Analysis Software
          Confidence Intervals
          Age Factors
          Funding Source
          Adult: 19-44 years
          Middle Aged: 45-64 years
          Aged: 65+ years
          Aged, 80 & over
          Male
          Female
      ab: Background: Lung cancer and cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality risks increase with smoking, secondhand smoke (SHS), and exposure to fine particulate matter < 2.5 μm in diameter (PM2.5) from ambient air pollution. Recent research indicates that the exposure-response relationship for CVD is nonlinear, with a steep increase in risk at low exposures and flattening out at higher exposures. Comparable estimates of the exposure-response relationship for lung cancer are required for disease burden estimates and related public health policy assessments.Objectives: We compared exposure-response relationships of PM2.5 with lung cancer and cardiovascular mortality and considered the implications of the observed differences for efforts to estimate the disease burden of PM2.5.Methods: Prospective cohort data for 1.2 million adults were collected by the American Cancer Society as part of the Cancer Prevention Study II. We estimated relative risks (RRs) for increments of cigarette smoking, adjusting for various individual risk factors. RRs were plotted against estimated daily dose of PM2.5 from smoking along with comparison estimates for ambient air pollution and SHS. Results: For lung cancer mortality, excess risk rose nearly linearly, reaching maximum RRs > 40 among long-term heavy smokers. Excess risks for CVD mortality increased steeply at low exposure levels and leveled off at higher exposures, reaching RRs of approximately 2-3 for cigarette smoking. Conclusions: The exposure-response relationship associated with PM2.5 is qualitatively different for lung cancer versus cardiovascular mortality. At low exposure levels, cardiovascular deaths are projected to account for most of the burden of disease, whereas at high levels of PM2.5, lung cancer becomes proportionately more important.
      pubtype: Academic Journal
      doctype:
        research
        tables/charts
        Journal Article
      ougenre: Article
    language: English
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