Inhibition and interference in the think/no-think task.

Five experiments using the think/no-think (TNT) procedure investigated the effect of the no-think and substitute instructions on cued recall. In Experiment 1, when unrelated A-B paired associates were studied and cued for recall with A items, recall rates were reliably enhanced in the think conditio...

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Published in:Memory & Cognition Vol. 40; no. 2; pp. 168 - 177
Main Authors: Racsmány, Mihály, Conway, Martin, Keresztes, Attila, Krajcsi, Attila
Format: Article
Published: Springer Nature Feb2012
Subjects:
Online Access:View this record in EBSCOhost
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        atl: Inhibition and interference in the think/no-think task.
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          Racsmány, Mihály
          Conway, Martin
          Keresztes, Attila
          Krajcsi, Attila
        affil:
          The Leeds Memory Group, Institute of Psychological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds UK
          Department of Cognitive Science, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Egry J. u. 1. Budapest 1111 Hungary
          Institute of Psychology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest Hungary
      su:
        Hungary
        Task performance
        Analysis of variance
        Memory
        Chi-squared test
        Research
        Research funding
        Mathematical variables
        Data analysis software
        Descriptive statistics
      sug:
        subj:
          Task performance
          Analysis of variance
          Memory
          Hungary
          Chi-squared test
          Research
          Research funding
          Mathematical variables
          Data analysis software
          Descriptive statistics
      keyword:
        Backward facilitation
        Episodic
        Executive control
        Inhibition
        Interference/inhibition in memory retrieval
        Memory content
        Priming
        Recall
        Backward facilitation
        Episodic
        Executive control
        Inhibition
        Interference/inhibition in memory retrieval
        Memory content
        Priming
        Recall
      ab: Five experiments using the think/no-think (TNT) procedure investigated the effect of the no-think and substitute instructions on cued recall. In Experiment 1, when unrelated A-B paired associates were studied and cued for recall with A items, recall rates were reliably enhanced in the think condition and reliably impaired below baseline in the no-think condition. In Experiments 2 and 5, final recall was cued with B items, leading to reliably higher recall rates, as compared with baseline, in both the think and no-think conditions. This pattern indicates backward priming of no-think items. In Experiments 3 and 4, the no-think instruction was replaced with a thought substitution instruction, and participants were asked to think of another word instead of the studied one when they saw the no-think cued items. As in Experiments 1 and 2, the same amount of forgetting of B items was observed when A items were the cues, but in contrast to Experiment 2, there was no increase in the recall performance of A items when B items were the cues. These results suggest that not thinking of studied items or, alternatively, thinking of a substitute item to avoid a target item may involve different processes: the former featuring inhibition and the latter interference.
      pubtype: Academic Journal
      doctype: Article
      src: R
    language: English
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