When and why do retrieval attempts enhance subsequent encoding?

Unsuccessful retrieval attempts can enhance subsequent encoding and learning. In three experiments, subjects either attempted to retrieve word pairs prior to studying them (e.g., attempting to recall tide-? before studying tide-beach) or did not attempt retrieval and retention of the studied targets...

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Publicado en:Memory & Cognition Vol. 40; no. 4; pp. 505 - 514
Autores principales: Grimaldi, Phillip, Karpicke, Jeffrey
Formato: Artículo
Publicado: Springer Nature Jun2012
Materias:
Acceso en línea:Ver este registro en EBSCOhost
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        atl: When and why do retrieval attempts enhance subsequent encoding?
      aug:
        au:
          Grimaldi, Phillip
          Karpicke, Jeffrey
        affil: Department of Psychological Sciences, Purdue University, 703 Third Street West Lafayette 47907-2081 USA
      su:
        Indiana
        Analysis of variance
        College students
        Learning
        Memory
        Research funding
        Pre-tests & post-tests
        Descriptive statistics
      sug:
        subj:
          Analysis of variance
          College students
          Learning
          Memory
          Indiana
          Research funding
          Pre-tests & post-tests
          Descriptive statistics
      keyword:
        Retrieval processes
        Semantic memory
        Retrieval processes
        Semantic memory
      ab: Unsuccessful retrieval attempts can enhance subsequent encoding and learning. In three experiments, subjects either attempted to retrieve word pairs prior to studying them (e.g., attempting to recall tide-? before studying tide-beach) or did not attempt retrieval and retention of the studied targets was assessed on a subsequent cued recall test. Experiment 1 showed that attempting retrieval enhanced subsequent encoding and recall relative to not attempting retrieval when the word pairs were semantically related, but not when the pairs were unrelated. In Experiment 2, studying a different word pair prior to the correct pair (e.g., studying tide-wave prior to tide-beach) did not produce the same effect as attempting retrieval prior to studying. Constraining retrieval to a particular candidate word prior to study (e.g., recalling tide-wa__ before studying tide-beach) produced a negative effect on subsequent recall. Experiment 3 showed that attempting retrieval did not enhance encoding when a brief delay occurred between the retrieval attempt and the subsequent study trial. The results support the idea that a search set of candidates related to the retrieval cue is activated during retrieval and that this retrieval-specific activation can enhance subsequent encoding of those candidates.
      pubtype: Academic Journal
      doctype: Article
      src: R
    language: English
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