The role of cognitive impairment in fall risk among older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: cognitive impairment is an established fall risk factor; however, it is unclear whether a disease-specific diagnosis (i.e. dementia), measures of global cognition or impairments in specific cognitive domains (i.e. executive function) have the greatest association with fall risk. Our obje...

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Publicado en:Age & Ageing Vol. 41; no. 3; pp. 299 - 309
Autores principales: Muir, Susan W., Gopaul, Karen, Montero Odasso, Manuel M.
Formato: Artículo
Publicado: Oxford University Press / USA May2012
Materias:
Acceso en línea:Ver este registro en EBSCOhost
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      pub: Oxford University Press / USA
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        10.1093/ageing/afs012
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        atl: The role of cognitive impairment in fall risk among older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
      aug:
        au:
          Muir, Susan W.
          Gopaul, Karen
          Montero Odasso, Manuel M.
        affil:
          Division of Geriatric Medicine, The University of Western Ontario , 801 Commissioners Road East, London, Ontario , Canada N6C 5J1
          Gait and Brain Laboratory , Parkwood Hospital , London, Ontario , Canada
          Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics , The University of Western Ontario , London, Ontario , Canada
          Lawson Health Research Institute , London, Ontario , Canada
      su:
        Epidemiology
        Old age
        Risk factors of falling down
        Cognition disorders
        Dementia
        Medical information storage & retrieval systems
        Psychology information storage & retrieval systems
        MEDLINE
        Meta-analysis
        Online information services
        Risk assessment
        Systematic reviews
        Data analysis
      sug:
        subj:
          Epidemiology
          Old age
          Risk factors of falling down
          Cognition disorders
          Dementia
          Medical information storage & retrieval systems
          Psychology information storage & retrieval systems
          MEDLINE
          Meta-analysis
          Online information services
          Risk assessment
          Systematic reviews
          Data analysis
      keyword:
        accidental falls
        cognition
        elderly
        meta-analysis
        risk factors
        systematic review
        accidental falls
        cognition
        elderly
        meta-analysis
        risk factors
        systematic review
      ab: Background: cognitive impairment is an established fall risk factor; however, it is unclear whether a disease-specific diagnosis (i.e. dementia), measures of global cognition or impairments in specific cognitive domains (i.e. executive function) have the greatest association with fall risk. Our objective was to evaluate the epidemiological evidence linking cognitive impairment and fall risk.Methods: studies were identified through systematic searches of the electronic databases of MEDLINE, EMBASE, PyschINFO (1988–2009). Bibliographies of retrieved articles were also searched. A fixed-effects meta-analysis was performed using an inverse-variance method.Results: twenty-seven studies met the inclusion criteria. Impairment on global measures of cognition was associated with any fall, serious injuries (summary estimate of OR = 2.13 (1.56, 2.90)) and distal radius fractures in community-dwelling older adults. Executive function impairment, even subtle deficits in healthy community-dwelling older adults, was associated with an increased risk for any fall (summary estimate of OR = 1.44 (1.20, 1.73)) and falls with serious injury. A diagnosis of dementia, without specification of dementia subtype or disease severity, was associated with risk for any fall but not serious fall injury in institution-dwelling older adults.Conclusion: the method used to define cognitive impairment and the type of fall outcome are both important when quantifying risk. There is strong evidence global measures of cognition are associated with serious fall-related injury, though there is no consensus on threshold values. Executive function was also associated with increased risk, which supports its inclusion in fall risk assessment especially when global measures are within normal limits.
      pubtype: Academic Journal
      doctype: Article
      src: R
    language: English
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