Cryptococcosis in Colombia: Results of the national surveillance program for the years 2006-2010.

Introduction: A survey on cryptococcosis is being conducted regularly in Colombia since 1997. We present hereby the results corresponding to patients diagnosed from 2006 to 2010. Objective: To analyze the data obtained during this period. Materials and methods: Retrospective analysis of the correspo...

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Published in:Biomédica: Revista del Instituto Nacional de Salud Vol. 32; no. 3; pp. 386 - 399
Main Authors: Escandón, Patricia, de Bedout, Catalina, Lizarazo, Jairo, Agudelo, Clara Inés, Tobón, Ángela, Bello, Solmara, Restrepo, Ángela, Castañeda, Elizabeth
Format: Article
Published: Instituto Nacional de Salud of Colombia Sep2012
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      dt: Sep2012
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        10.7705/biomedica.v32i3.707
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        atl: Cryptococcosis in Colombia: Results of the national surveillance program for the years 2006-2010.
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        au:
          Escandón, Patricia
          de Bedout, Catalina
          Lizarazo, Jairo
          Agudelo, Clara Inés
          Tobón, Ángela
          Bello, Solmara
          Restrepo, Ángela
          Castañeda, Elizabeth
        affil:
          Grupo de Microbiología, Instituto Nacional de Salud, Bogotá, D.C., Colombia
          Corporación para Investigaciones Biológicas, Medellín, Colombia
          Hospital Universitario Erasmo Meoz, Cúcuta, Colombia
      su:
        Cryptococcosis
        Surveys
        Health programs
        Mortality
        Public health surveillance
        Cryptococcus neoformans
        Diagnosis
        Colombia
      sug:
        subj:
          Colombia
          Cryptococcosis
          Surveys
          Health programs
          Mortality
          Public health surveillance
          Cryptococcus neoformans
          Diagnosis
      keyword:
        acquired immunodeficiency syndrome
        Cryptococcus gattii
        morbidity
        mortality
        Colombia
        criptococosis
        Cryptococcus gattii
        Cryptococcus neoformans
        morbilidad
        mortalidad
        síndrome de inmunodeficiencia adquirida
      ab:
        Introduction: A survey on cryptococcosis is being conducted regularly in Colombia since 1997. We present hereby the results corresponding to patients diagnosed from 2006 to 2010. Objective: To analyze the data obtained during this period. Materials and methods: Retrospective analysis of the corresponding surveys. Results: A total of 526 surveys originating from 72% of the Colombian political divisions were received during the 5-year period. Most patients (76.6%) were males and 74.9% were 21-50 years old. The most prevalent risk factor was HIV infection (83.5%) with cryptococcosis defining AIDS in 23% of the cases. In the general population the estimated mean annual incidence rate for cryptococcosis was 2.4 x 106 inhabitants while in AIDS patients this rate rose to 3.3 x 103. In 474 surveys stating clinical features, most frequent complaints were headache 84.5%, fever 63.4%, nausea and vomiting 57.5%, mental alterations 46.3%, meningeal signs 33.0%, cough 26.4% and visual alterations 24.5%. Neurocryptococcosis was recorded in 81.8% of the cases. Laboratory diagnosis was based on direct examination, culture and latex in 29.3% cases. From 413 Cryptococcus isolates analyzed, 95.6% were identified as C. neoformans var. grubii, 1% C. neoformans var. neoformans, and 3.4% C. gattii. Treatment was reported for 71.6% of the cases with amphotericin B alone or in combination with fluconazole prescribed in 28%. Conclusions: Surveys done through passive surveillance continue to be sentinel markers for HIV infection and represent a systematic approach to the study of opportunistic problems regularly afflicting AIDS patients since cryptococcosis requires no compulsory notification in Colombia.
        Introducción. Desde 1997 se viene realizando un programa nacional de vigilancia sobre la criptococosis en Colombia. Se presentan los resultados correspondientes a los pacientes diagnosticados entre el 2006 y el 2010. Objetivo. Analizar los datos obtenidos durante este periodo. Materiales y métodos. Análisis retrospectivo de las encuestas. Resultados. Durante los cinco años mencionados se recibieron 526 encuestas representativas del 72 % de la división política colombiana. La mayoría de pacientes (76,6 %) eran hombres y 74,9 % estaban entre los 21 y los 50 años. El factor de riesgo prevalente fue la infección por VIH (83,5 %), y la criptococosis definió el sida en 23 % de los casos. La incidencia anual promedio en la población general fue de 2,4 por un millón de habitantes mientras que, en pacientes con sida, aumentó a 3,3 por 1.000. En 474 encuestas se informaron manifestaciones clínicas; las más frecuentes fueron: cefalea (84,5 %), fiebre (63,4 %), náuseas y vómito (57,5 %), alteraciones mentales (46,3 %), signos meníngeos (33 %), tos (26,4 %) y alteraciones visuales (24,5 %). La neurocriptococosis se reportó en 81,8 % de los casos. El diagnóstico se hizo por examen directo, cultivo y antigenemia en 29,3 % de los casos. De 413 aislamientos recuperados, 95,6 % fueron C. neoformans var. grubii, 1 % C. neoformans var. neoformans, y 3,4 % C. gattii. En 71,6 % de los casos para el tratamiento se administró anfotericina B y en 28 % se combinó con fluconazol. Conclusiones. La vigilancia pasiva continúa siendo un marcador centinela para la infección por VIH, y constituye una aproximación sistemática al estudio de infecciones oportunistas en pacientes con sida, debido a que la criptococosis no es de notificación obligatoria en Colombia.
      pubtype: Academic Journal
      doctype: Article
      src: R
    language: English
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