Cognitive, Environmental, and Linguistic Predictors of Syntax in Fragile X Syndrome and Down Syndrome.

Purpose: To examine which cognitive, environmental, and speech-language variables predict expressive syntax in boys with fragile X syndrome (FXS), boys with Down syndrome (DS), and typically developing (TD) boys, and whether predictive relationships differed by group. Method: We obtained Index of Pr...

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Published in:Journal of Speech, Language & Hearing Research Vol. 55; no. 6; pp. 1600 - 1613
Main Authors: Estigarribia, Bruno, Martin, Gary E., Roberts, Joanne E., Oetting, Janna, Loeb, Diane
Format: Article
Published: American Speech-Language-Hearing Association Dec2012
Subjects:
Online Access:View this record in EBSCOhost
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      dt: Dec2012
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        10.1044/1092-4388(2012/10-0153)
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        atl: Cognitive, Environmental, and Linguistic Predictors of Syntax in Fragile X Syndrome and Down Syndrome.
      aug:
        au:
          Estigarribia, Bruno
          Martin, Gary E.
          Roberts, Joanne E.
          Oetting, Janna
          Loeb, Diane
        affil: University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill
      su:
        Cognition
        Ecology
        Comparative grammar
        Linguistics
        Memory
        Mothers
        Psychological tests
        Sound recordings
        Vocabulary
        Educational attainment
        Case-control method
        Fragile X syndrome
        Probability theory
        Research funding
        Scales (Weighing instruments)
        Speech evaluation
        Intelligibility of speech
        T-test (Statistics)
        Video recording
        Effect sizes (Statistics)
        Down syndrome
        Descriptive statistics
      sug:
        subj:
          Cognition
          Ecology
          Comparative grammar
          Linguistics
          Memory
          Mothers
          Psychological tests
          Sound recordings
          Vocabulary
          Educational attainment
          Case-control method
          All other general-purpose machinery manufacturing
          Scale and Balance Manufacturing
          Sound recording merchant wholesalers
          Integrated Record Production/Distribution
          Record Production
          Fragile X syndrome
          Probability theory
          Research funding
          Scales (Weighing instruments)
          Speech evaluation
          Intelligibility of speech
          T-test (Statistics)
          Video recording
          Effect sizes (Statistics)
          Down syndrome
          Descriptive statistics
      keyword:
        autism spectrum disorders
        fragile X syndrome
        modularity
        phonological working memory
        syntax
        autism spectrum disorders
        fragile X syndrome
        modularity
        phonological working memory
        syntax
      ab: Purpose: To examine which cognitive, environmental, and speech-language variables predict expressive syntax in boys with fragile X syndrome (FXS), boys with Down syndrome (DS), and typically developing (TD) boys, and whether predictive relationships differed by group. Method: We obtained Index of Productive Syntax (Scarborough, 1990) scores for 18 boys with FXS only, 20 boys with both FXS and an autism spectrum disorder, 27 boys with DS, and 25 younger TD boys of similar nonverbal mental age. Predictors included group (diagnosis), nonverbal cognition, phonological working memory (PWM), maternal education, speech intelligibility, and expressive vocabulary. The research questions were addressed via hierarchical linear regression. Results: Diagnostic group, nonverbal cognition, and PWM predicted 56% of the variance in syntactic ability, with approximately three-fourths of the predicted variance explained by group membership alone. The other factors did not contribute any additional significant variance in this final model. There was no evidence that predictor effects differed by group. Conclusions: Nonverbal cognition and PWM have an effect on expressive syntax beyond that of diagnostic group. These effects are estimated to be the same in boys with FXS, boys with DS, and TD boys. Explanations for residual variance and the relative role of different predictors are discussed.
      pubtype: Academic Journal
      doctype: Article
      src: R
    language: English
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