Dustiness of Fine and Nanoscale Powders.
Dustiness may be defined as the propensity of a powder to form airborne dust by a prescribed mechanical stimulus; dustiness testing is typically intended to replicate mechanisms of dust generation encountered in workplaces. A novel dustiness testing device, developed for pharmaceutical application,...
| Published in: | Annals of Occupational Hygiene Vol. 57; no. 2; pp. 261 - 278 |
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| Main Authors: | , , , , |
| Format: | equations & formulas pictorial research tables/charts Journal Article |
| Published: |
Oxford University Press / USA
Mar2013
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| Online Access: | View this record in EBSCOhost |
| fields | @attributes: recordID: 1 pdfLink: plink: https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=ccm&AN=85442592&site=ehost-live header: @attributes: shortDbName: ccm uiTerm: 85442592 longDbName: CINAHL Complete uiTag: AN controlInfo: bkinfo: dissinfo: jinfo: jid: 00034878 JQ4 jtl: Annals of Occupational Hygiene issn: 00034878 maglogo: N pubinfo: dt: Mar2013 vid: 57 iid: 2 pid: 622 pub: Oxford University Press / USA artinfo: ui: 85442592 104313846 104313846 10.1093/annhyg/mes060 85442592 ppf: 261 ppct: 17 formats: fmt: @attributes: type: P tig: atl: Dustiness of Fine and Nanoscale Powders. aug: au: Evans, Douglas E. Turkevich, Leonid A. Roettgers, Cynthia T. Deye, Gregory J. Baron, Paul A. affil: National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Chemical Exposure and Monitoring Branch, Division of Applied Research and Technology , 4676 Columbia Parkway, MS-R7 , Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA sug: subj: Powders Analysis Dust Analysis Pharmaceutical Companies Adverse Effects Aerosols Adverse Effects Occupational Exposure Evaluation Environmental Monitoring Methods Environmental Monitoring Equipment and Supplies Nanoparticles Particle Size Videorecording Time Factors Human Photometry Parametric Statistics Descriptive Statistics Linear Regression Data Analysis Software Funding Source ab: Dustiness may be defined as the propensity of a powder to form airborne dust by a prescribed mechanical stimulus; dustiness testing is typically intended to replicate mechanisms of dust generation encountered in workplaces. A novel dustiness testing device, developed for pharmaceutical application, was evaluated in the dustiness investigation of 27 fine and nanoscale powders. The device efficiently dispersed small (mg) quantities of a wide variety of fine and nanoscale powders, into a small sampling chamber. Measurements consisted of gravimetrically determined total and respirable dustiness. The following materials were studied: single and multiwalled carbon nanotubes, carbon nanofibers, and carbon blacks; fumed oxides of titanium, aluminum, silicon, and cerium; metallic nanoparticles (nickel, cobalt, manganese, and silver) silicon carbide, Arizona road dust; nanoclays; and lithium titanate. Both the total and respirable dustiness spanned two orders of magnitude (0.3–37.9% and 0.1–31.8% of the predispersed test powders, respectively). For many powders, a significant respirable dustiness was observed. For most powders studied, the respirable dustiness accounted for approximately one-third of the total dustiness. It is believed that this relationship holds for many fine and nanoscale test powders (i.e. those primarily selected for this study), but may not hold for coarse powders. Neither total nor respirable dustiness was found to be correlated with BET surface area, therefore dustiness is not determined by primary particle size. For a subset of test powders, aerodynamic particle size distributions by number were measured (with an electrical low-pressure impactor and an aerodynamic particle sizer). Particle size modes ranged from approximately 300nm to several micrometers, but no modes below 100nm, were observed. It is therefore unlikely that these materials would exhibit a substantial sub-100nm particle contribution in a workplace. pubtype: Academic Journal doctype: equations & formulas pictorial research tables/charts Journal Article ougenre: Article language: English refInfo: holdings: @attributes: islocal: N |
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