The contribution of judgment scale to the unskilled-and-unaware phenomenon: How evaluating others can exaggerate over- (and under-) confidence.

The unskilled-and-unaware phenomenon occurs when low performers tend to overestimate their performance on a task, whereas high performers judge their performance more accurately (and sometimes underestimate it). In previous research, this phenomenon has been observed for a variety of cognitive tasks...

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Publicado en:Memory & Cognition Vol. 42; no. 1; pp. 164 - 174
Autores principales: Hartwig, Marissa, Dunlosky, John
Formato: Artículo
Publicado: Springer Nature Jan2014
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Acceso en línea:Ver este registro en EBSCOhost
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      aug:
        au:
          Hartwig, Marissa
          Dunlosky, John
        affil: Psychology Department, Kent State University, Kent 44242 USA
      su:
        Midwest (U.S.)
        Cognition
        College students
        Confidence
        Judgment (Psychology)
        Memory
        Research funding
        Statistical sampling
        Test-taking skills
        Descriptive statistics
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        subj:
          Cognition
          College students
          Confidence
          Judgment (Psychology)
          Memory
          Midwest (U.S.)
          Marketing Research and Public Opinion Polling
          Research funding
          Statistical sampling
          Test-taking skills
          Descriptive statistics
      keyword:
        Judgment accuracy
        Judgment scale
        Unskilled and unaware
        Judgment accuracy
        Judgment scale
        Unskilled and unaware
      ab: The unskilled-and-unaware phenomenon occurs when low performers tend to overestimate their performance on a task, whereas high performers judge their performance more accurately (and sometimes underestimate it). In previous research, this phenomenon has been observed for a variety of cognitive tasks and judgment scales. However, the role of judgment scale in producing the unskilled-and-unaware phenomenon has not been systematically investigated. Thus, we present four studies in which all participants judged their performance on both a relative scale (percentile rank) and an absolute scale (number correct). The studies included a variety of performance tasks (general knowledge questions, math problems, introductory psychology questions, and logic questions) and test formats (multiple-choice, recall). Across all tasks and formats, the percentile-rank judgments were less accurate than the absolute judgments, particularly for low and high performers. Furthermore, in Studies 1-3, the absolute judgments were highly accurate, even when the percentile-rank judgments were not. Thus, differences in the accuracy of percentile-rank judgments across skill levels do not always represent differences in self-awareness, but rather they may arise from difficulties that performers have at evaluating how well others are performing. Most importantly, the unskilled-and-unaware phenomenon on a relative scale does not guarantee inaccurate self-evaluations of absolute performance.
      pubtype: Academic Journal
      doctype: Article
      src: R
    language: English
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